The effect of swirl ratio and fuel injection parameters on CO emission and fuel conversion efficiency for high-dilution, low-temperature combustion in an automotive diesel engine.

Support for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies. The research was performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation,a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The BK21 and Future Vehicle Technology Development Corps. of Korea supported Sanghoon Kook's visiting research. The authors express their appreciation to Mark Musculus and Lyle Pickett for providing the high speed camera and the Matlab source code to calculate the adiabatic flame temperature.