利用声波测井曲线和弹性模量最小化法评估Biot系数

S. Vorobiev, Vladimir Vorobyev, S. Lukin, S. Zhigulskiy, I. Chebyshev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

Biot系数是估算有效应力的关键参数之一,可以理解垂直、最小和最大水平三种应力的空间分布。最终,这些应力形成了地质力学模型的行为(3D或1D)。因此,任何地质力学模型的鲁棒性在很大程度上取决于Biot系数估计的精度。该技术可以根据独立于地质环境的测井响应来评估各向同性和各向异性的Biot系数。该方法基于弹性模量最小化。在各向同性情况下,体积岩石框架和体积岩石颗粒模量最小化与实测密度、DTP和DTS的拟合效果最好。然后,可以直接计算各向同性Biot系数。在各向异性的情况下,需要对层压进行额外控制。这可以通过比较基于各向异性岩石物理模型的估计层状和分散粘土体积来实现,这些模型来自Thomas-Stieber图或任何其他层状分析技术。各向异性建模允许产生五个独立的VTI弹性模量,从而计算各向异性Biot系数。该方法已经在几个领域进行了测试:碎屑(西伯利亚西部、挪威海上、阿根廷非常规)和碳酸盐岩(巴西、中东、北海白垩)。它在所有情况下都产生可靠的结果。这项研究表明,从所提出的方法计算的Biot系数与基于岩心的Biot系数的测量结果很好地一致。在实践中,基于岩心的Biot系数测量很少可用,而且通常只在少量样品上进行,并且只在储层剖面上采集。所提出的方法可以可靠地估计整个井段的Biot系数,其中密度和声波测井是可用的。它使用最小化技术而不是使用地质力学相关性。因此,它适用于任何岩石和地质环境,与特定地层的相关性相比,它不局限于区域或地层。该方法的新颖之处在于基于测井曲线的弹性模量最小化过程中,可以直接提取Biot系数。以前的工作要么集中在实验室Biot系数测量的原理上,要么集中在核心测试得出的相关性上。相关性推导需要对相同的地质环境进行大量的岩心测试。然而,所提出的方法只需要几个核心样本用于qc目的。
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Evaluation of Biot's Coefficient Using Sonic Logs and Elastic Moduli Minimization
Biot's coefficient is one of the key parameters in estimating effective stresses, leading to understanding of the three stresses spatial distribution, namely vertical, minimum and maximum horizontal. Ultimately, these stresses shape up the behavior of a geomechanics model (either in 3D or in 1D). Thus, the robustness of any geomechanics model significantly depends on the precision of Biot's coefficient estimation. The proposed technique allows evaluating isotropic and anisotropic Biot's coefficients based on the log responses independent of the geological environment. The methodology is based on elastic moduli-minimization. In isotropic case, Bulk rock frame and Bulk rock grain moduli minimization produce the best fit to the measured Density, DTP and DTS. Then, isotropic Biot's coefficient can be computed directly. In the case of anisotropy, additional control on lamination is required. This can be achieved by comparing estimated laminated and dispersed clay volumes based on the anisotropic rock-physics model and derived from the Thomas-Stieber plot or any alternative lamination analysis technique. Anisotropy modeling allows to produce five independent VTI elastic moduli and as a result to compute anisotropic Biot's coefficient. The methodology has been tested in several fields: clastic (Western Siberia, Norwegian offshore, Argentina unconventional) and carbonates (Brazil, Middle East, North Sea chalks). It produces reliable results in all cases. This study shows good agreement of the Biot's coefficient computed from the proposed methodology with measurements of core-based Biot's coefficients. In practice, core-based Biot's coefficient measurements are rarely available and quite often done on a few samples, taken in the reservoir section only. The proposed methodology allows reliable estimates of Biot's coefficient for the entire wellbore section, where density and sonic logs are available. It utilizes a minimization technique instead of using geomechanics correlations. Thus, it is applicable for any rocks and geological settings and is not bounded to the area or formation compared to correlations specific to the particular formation. The novelty of the method is in the process of elastic-moduli minimization based on logs and allows direct extraction of the Biot's coefficient. Previous works were either concentrating on principles of the laboratory Biot's coefficient measurements or focusing on the correlations derived from core tests. Correlation derivation requires a significant number of core tests conducted for the same geological settings. However, the proposed methodology requires a few core samples for Q.C. purposes only.
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