饲喂微生物发酵木薯块茎废物对生长猪肠道菌群和粪便特性的调节

Aroyeun So, Aletor Va, Oladunmoye Mk
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摘要

本试验以42头断奶仔猪为试验对象,研究饲喂不同发酵木薯块茎渣(CTW)饲粮对试验动物粪便参数和肠道微生物生态的影响。共配制了七种不同的饮食。3组饲粮中未发酵、自然发酵和微生物发酵的木薯淀粉渣含量分别为20%,分别为未发酵木薯淀粉渣(UFCSR)、自然发酵木薯淀粉渣(NFCSR)和微生物发酵木薯淀粉渣(MFCSR)。另外3种配方相似但添加20%木薯皮的饲粮分别为未发酵木薯皮(UFCP)、自然发酵木薯皮(NFCP)和微生物发酵木薯皮(MFCP)。这6种CTW日粮替代了对照日粮中30%的玉米。采用棒状乳杆菌和德尔布鲁氏乳杆菌两种乳酸菌和一种真菌对两种微生物发酵废物(MFCSR和MFCP)进行组合处理。结果表明,7个饲粮处理间差异显著(p0.05)。从粪便样本中分离出的细菌和真菌的生化特征表明,NFCSR和MFCP组的细菌多样性最高,而对照组的细菌多样性最低。在17种不同真菌中,从对照组分离到6种,从两种未发酵的CTW饲料(UFCSR和UFCP)中各分离到2种。微生物分离物的生化特性也表明,芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌在各处理中的出现频率最高(100%),而黄体微球菌的出现频率最低(28.57%)。在7种饲粮处理中,有4种从猪的粪便样本中分离出的真菌-小孢子菌具有最高的定植能力。综上所述,饲粮中添加CTW会对猪的生长和粪便参数产生深远的影响,进而影响猪的消化生理,这些CTW及其加工方法也可能调节猪和其他牲畜肠道菌群的多样性。
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Feeding Microbe-Fermented Cassava Tuber Wastes Modulates Gut Microbiota and Faecal Characteristics of Growing Pigs
A four week trial was conducted on 42 weanling pigs to study the effect of feeding differently fermented cassava tuber waste (CTW) diets on faecal parameters and enteric microbial ecology of the experimental animals. Seven different diets were formulated. Three of the diets contained 20% inclusion of cassava starch residues in the unfermented, naturally fermented and microbially fermented form respectively and were designated unfermented cassava starch residues (UFCSR), naturally fermented cassava starch residues (NFCSR) and microbially fermented cassava starch residues (MFCSR). Three other diets, similarly formulated but with 20% inclusion of cassava peels were designated as unfermented cassava peels (UFCP), naturally fermented cassava peels (NFCP) and microbially fermented cassava peels (MFCP) respectively. These six CTW diets replaced 30% of maize in the control diet. The two microbially fermented wastes (MFCSR and MFCP) were processed with a combination of two lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus coryneformis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii) and a fungus (Aspergillus fumigatus). The results showed significant differences (P 0.05) among the seven dietary treatments. The biochemical characterization of bacterial and fungal isolates from the faecal samples revealed that the highest bacterial biodiversity was recorded in both the NFCSR and MFCP diets while the control group had the least. Of the 17 different fungal species, 6 were isolated from the control group while 2 each were isolated from the two unfermented CTW diets (UFCSR and UFCP). The biochemical characterization of the microbial isolates also showed that the bacteria- Bacillus spp. and Escherichia coli had the highest frequency of occurrence (100%) across treatments, while Micrococcus luteus had the least frequency (28.57%). The fungus- Mycotypha microsporium had the highest colonizing ability as it was isolated from the faecal samples of pigs in 4 out of the 7 dietary treatments. Conclusively, feeding the CTW diets to pigs could have a profound influence on growth and faecal parameters and by extension on the digestive physiology of the pigs, also these CTW and their methods of processing could modulate the biodiversity of gut microflora in pigs and possibly in any other livestock species.
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