同性婚姻和意大利例外论

M. Winkler
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文通过采用宪法、比较和超国家三个维度的分析,揭示了意大利在承认和保护同性伴侣方面的例外主义。它坚持认为,与其他国家的法院同情男女同性恋者提出的法律诉求相比,意大利宪法法院采取了一种完全不同的方式,以一种推迟所有通过同性登记伴侣关系法律的努力的方式,加强了婚姻的异性恋性。特别是宪法法院,根据heteronormativity来解释宪法、其他国家的经验和超国家的法律,这在比较背景下是一个独特的例子。为了说明这一点,本文讨论了Bernaroli诉内政部一案。在伯纳诺里,一名男变女的变性人想要在变性后继续和妻子结婚。该案在学者中引发了激烈的争论,质疑法院对同性婚姻的人权动态的看法,更重要的是,质疑法院对异性恋在婚姻法中当前角色的看法。本文的结论是,Bernaroli婚姻的合法存在代表了对现状的不断挑战,并突出了异性恋规范的永久危机。在奥地利宪法法院最近宣布同性家庭伴侣关系的法律具有歧视性之后,异性恋规范的辩护变得更加站不住脚,使意大利成为欧洲大陆法律格局中的一个真正的例外。
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Same-Sex Marriage and Italian Exceptionalism
Abstract This article unveils Italy’s exceptionalism in recognising and protecting same-sex couples by adopting a three-dimension analysis: constitutional, comparative and supranational. It maintains that, compared to other countries whose courts were sympathetic with the legal claims raised by lesbian and gay people, Italy’s Constitutional Court adopted a totally different approach, reinforcing the heteronormativity of marriage in a way that delayed all efforts to pass a law on same-sex registered partnerships. The Constitutional Court, in particular, interpreted the Constitution, the experience of other nations and supranational law according to heteronormativity, an example that is unique in the comparative context. As an illustration, this article addresses the case Bernaroli vs Ministry of the Interior. In Bernaroli, a male-to-female transgender person wanted to remain married to her wife notwithstanding the transition. The case ignited a heated debate among scholars and questioned the courts’ opinions as to the human rights dynamics surrounding same-sex marriage and, more importantly, about the current role of heteronormativity in marriage law. This article concludes that the legal existence of Bernaroli’s marriage represents a constant challenge to the status quo and highlights the permanent crisis of heteronormativity. After the Austrian Constitutional Court’s recent ruling that declared the law on same-sex domestic partnership to be discriminatory, heteronormativity’s defence became even more untenable, making Italy’s a true exception in the continent’s legal landscape.
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