Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress in HT-29 Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line After 24 and 48 Hour Exposure

Nanoparticle research is currently an area of intense scientific research, due to a wide variety of potential applications in biomedical, optical, and electronic fields. Nanoparticles are of great scientific interest as they are effectively a bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutamine synthetase (GS), Catalase (CAT) are some of the defense mechanisms against cellular oxidative stress, especially against free oxygen radicals. In this study, we aimed to investigate that Ag, SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles affect cancer cell lines (HT-29) and relationship between SOD, GS and CAT. We investigated that alterations in gene expressions of SOD, GS and CAT caused by exposure to nanoparticles in HT-29 cells. The difference between the Ct values (ΔCt) of the gene of interest was calculated for each experimental sample. As a result of Ag, SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticle application, there was a 2-fold increase in SOD and CAT expression in the first 24 hours compared to control. As a result of 48 hours of application, it was observed that Ag nanoparticles caused 4-fold increase in SOD and 6-fold statistically significant increase in CAT and GS expression of SiO2 nanoparticles. Consequently, after 48 hours of nanoparticle application, SiO2, CAT and GS expression were more effective than 24-hour application. Our results suggest that nanoparticles may cause increased oxidative stress in colon cells and may have therapeutic properties by affecting cancer cells in these aspects.