美国新自由主义的黄昏?

Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI:10.4337/ejeep.2021.0079
T. Evans
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引用次数: 1

摘要

2009年开始的美国经济扩张异常持久,但相对疲弱。盈利能力和投资在2010年至2015年间有所增强,但随后开始放缓。2017年特朗普上任后,投资出现了小幅复苏,但大幅减税的收益绝大多数用于向股东支付股息。失业率从2010年开始稳步下降,但转向了低薪工作。工资中位数从2014年左右开始上升,但自20世纪80年代以来,女性的工资一直在稳步上升,而男性的工资直到2018年才恢复到1980年的水平。相比之下,高收入阶层的收入大幅飙升。庞大的政府支出计划在一定程度上缓解了COVID-19疫情的影响,但低技能工人的失业率强劲上升,而大规模的货币应对措施为富人带来了前所未有的财富。拜登政府的第一个重大举措是延长失业救济,促进全国对卫生紧急情况的反应,但未能确保将全国最低工资提高到每小时15美元。
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The twilight of neoliberalism in the USA?
The US economic expansion which began in 2009 was unusually prolonged but relatively weak. Profitability and investment strengthened between 2010 and 2015 but then began to falter. After Trump took office in 2017 there was a minor recovery in investment but the proceeds of major tax cuts were overwhelmingly used to finance payouts to share owners. Unemployment fell steadily from 2010 but with a shift towards lower-paid jobs. Median wages increased from around 2014, but while those for women had risen steadily since the 1980s, those for men only recuperated to their 1980 level in 2018. By contrast, top incomes soared. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic was partly cushioned by huge government spending programmes, but unemployment among less-skilled workers increased strongly, while the massive monetary response led to an unprecedented bonanza for the rich. The Biden government's first major initiative extended unemployment benefits and promoted a national response to the health emergency, but failed to secure an increase in the national minimum wage to $15 an hour.
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