国际机构和结构系统本体的科学准确性及其影响研究日程|机构和结构在国际系统科学实在论的本体及其影响的研究议程

Pedro Txai Brancher
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摘要

本文是国际关系中主体-结构问题辩论的一部分。第一部分分析了影响ir理论争论的主体-结构问题的三种反应的争议和理论差距:个人主义、结构主义和结构主义。第二部分讨论了科学实在论提出的本体论观点。它被认为是一种富有成效的启发式方法,用于开发一个研究项目,该项目将代理和结构视为自治的实体,并在时间上相互关联。最后,在最后的考虑中,综合了发展的论点,指出了建议方法的理论含义,并指出了研究议程连续性的替代方案。这篇文章是关于国际关系中的代理结构问题的辩论的一部分。人们认为,任何社会研究都必须发展或纳入关于这个问题的本体论假设,因为它在逻辑上先于认识论和方法论的定义。在国际关系领域,代理-结构问题是指国际系统的组成部分和运行动力学的定义。因此,在第一节中,我们分析了影响IR理论辩论的主体结构问题的三种反应的争议性和理论差距:个人主义、结构主义和结构主义。第二部分讨论了科学现实主义提出的本体论观点。有人认为,它为研究方案的发展提供了一种有用的启发式方法,使主体和结构成为自主的、时间上相互关联的实体。最后,在最后的审议中总结了所提出的论点,指出了所建议的方法的理论含义,并指出了研究议程的连续性的替代方案。关键词:国际关系理论;探员基础设施;科学现实主义关键词:国际关系理论代理-Structure;科学实在论
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Agencia e Estrutura em Sistemas Internacionais: a ontologia do Realismo Científico e suas implicações para uma agenda de pesquisa | Agency and Structure in International Systems: the ontology of Scientific Realism and its implications for a research agenda
O artigo se insere no debate acerca do problema agente-estrutura nas Relações Internacionais.Na primeira seção, analisa-se as controvérsias e as lacunas teóricas de três repostas para o problema agente-estrutura que influenciaram o debate teórico nas RI: individualismo, estruturalismo e estruturação. A segunda seção discute a perspectiva ontológica proposta pelo Realismo Científico. Argumenta-se que ela constitui uma heurística profícua para o desenvolvimento de um programa de pesquisa que conceba agentes e estruturas como entidades autônomas e inter-relacionadas temporalmente. Por fim, nas considerações finais, sintetiza-se os argumentos desenvolvidos, aponta-se implicações teóricas da abordagem sugerida e indica-se alternativas para a continuidade da agenda de pesquisa.ABSTRACTThe article is part of the debate on the agent-structure problem in International Relations. It is considered that any social research must develop or incorporate ontological presuppositions about this question, since it logically precedes epistemological and methodological definitions. Specifically to the field of International Relations, the agent-structure problem refers to the definition of the components and the dynamics of operation of International Systems (IS). Thus, in the first section, we analyze the controversies and theoretical gaps of three responses to the agent-structure problem that influenced the theoretical debate in IR: individualism, structuralism and structuring. The second section discusses the ontological perspective proposed by Scientific Realism. It is argued that it constitutes a useful heuristic for the development of a research program that devises agents and structures as autonomous and temporally interrelated entities. Finally, in the final considerations, the arguments developed are summarized, theoretical implications of the suggested approach are indicated, and alternatives are indicated for the continuity of the research agenda.Palavras-chave: Teoria de Relações Internacionais; Agente-Estrutura; Realismo CientíficoKeywords: International Relations Theory; Agent-Structure; Scientific Realism 
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