校准面积探测器衍射仪:积分响应

David J. Thomas
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引用次数: 10

摘要

通过对探测器响应的不均匀性进行校正,提高了用电子面积探测器测量的衍射数据的质量。许多探测器实际上比它们看上去的要均匀得多,因为许多感知到的不均匀性是它们成像几何形状扭曲和校准期间照明方法的人工产物。事实上,每一个已知的修正都减少了感知到的不均匀性。由于差分吸收,我们无法用与数据收集期间使用的相同波长的辐射均匀地照亮探测器,这是一个特别令人担忧的问题。点扩散函数的尾部也会干扰视响应,特别是在成像区域边缘附近。这些问题很难补偿,因此没有完全令人满意的方法来确定实际探测器的真实响应。然而,这并不妨碍我们进行可用精度的校准。虽然本文适用于所有类型的区域探测器,但讨论主要集中在ENRAF-NONIUS快速系统上,这是一种商用电视衍射仪,使用本文作者编写的软件进行校准。校准成像探测器的响应是一个普遍的问题,这里阐述的许多技术具有广泛的适用性。
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Calibrating an area-detector diffractometer: integral response
The quality of diffraction data measured with electronic area-detectors is improved by correcting for non-uniformities in the response of the detector. Many detectors are actually much more uniform than they appear because much of the perceived non-uniformity is an artefact of the distortions in their imaging geometry and of the methods of illumination during calibration. Indeed, every known correction reduces the perceived non-uniformity. Our inability to illuminate the detector uniformly with radiation of the same wavelength as is used during data-collection is a particular worry because of differential absorption. The tails of the point-spread function also perturb the apparent response, particularly near to the edges of the imaging area. These problems are difficult to compensate, so there is no completely satisfactory method of determining the true response of real detectors. However, this does not prevent us from making calibrations of usable accuracy. Although this paper applies to all types of area-detector, the discussion is centred mainly on the ENRAF-NONIUS fast system, which is a commercially available television diffractometer, calibrated using software written by the present author. Calibrating the response of imaging detectors is a general problem, and many of the techniques expounded here are of wide applicability.
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