基于局地数据的沉积物质量平衡新工作流程用于预测流域尺度趋势

N. Michael, R. Zűhlke
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摘要

沉积物体积预估是基于过程的沉积模拟(正演地层模拟)非常重要的输入参数。本文提出了一种基于区域粒度趋势重建的沉积盆地泥沙体积收支综合分析方法。在沉积物路径系统的地下研究中,当可用的数据集仅限于局部区域而不能覆盖整个沉积物路径系统时,估计的总沉积物体积就会出现明显的不确定性。这些不确定性也影响集水区、结构隆起和剥蚀率的模型以及净:总预测。新的综合方法侧重于从有限的本地数据集重建整个沉积物航道的沉积物预算。它结合沉积物质量平衡和局部粒度分布来预测整个流域的粒度分布。局部粒度与航道尺度粒度趋势的比较是校正沉积物体积的关键,可以显著减少流域重建和净:总比预测在泥沙航道、子盆地、前景和勘探/生产领域的尺度上的不确定性。新方法已成功地应用于两个地下大陆-海洋三角洲系统。它们总共涵盖了大约7个月的时间,包括四个有限的局部兴趣领域(AOI)。这些局部aoi的度量为200×200 km,而整个子盆地的度量为500×800 km。新方法表明,在有限的局部区域,以前的方法只能捕获每条球道总沉积物体积的40%。整个水槽沉积物体积的最多70%可以纳入当地感兴趣的区域。本文提出的新方法显著降低了地层正演模拟中沉积物体积估算、沉积速率和岩性分布输入参数的不确定性。对于这两个案例研究,以前的泥沙通量模型显示的速率为10,000 km/Myr。新的综合方法表明,泥沙通量实际上达到了3万公里/最高亩产量,这对泥沙分布、净:总预测以及流域大小和剥蚀率估计产生了重大影响。新的综合方法减少了集水区大小和碎屑沉积体系构造掘出率估计的不确定性。它为正向地层模拟提供了较低的不确定性参数(沉积物体积、烃源位置、沉积物组分、扩散系数),例如用于油气勘探中的储层质量预测。在基础研究中,改进的流域大小预测和汇区沉积物粒度分布模型可以更好地约束物源分析
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New Workflow of Sediment Mass Balancing, from Local Datasets, for Predicting Basin Scale Trends
Sediment volumetric budget estimates are very important input parameters for process-based depositional modelling (forward stratigraphic modelling). This paper presents a new integrated approach for analyze sediment volumetric budgets in sedimentary basins that is based on the reconstruction of regional grain size trends. In subsurface studies of sediment routing systems, noticeable uncertainties in estimated total sediment volumes occur when available datasets are limited to local areas that do not cover the entire sediment routing system. These uncertainties also affect models of catchment areas, structural uplift, and denudation rates as well as net:gross predictions. The new integrated approach focuses on reconstructing sediment budgets for entire sediment fairways from limited local datasets. It uses a combination of sediment mass balancing and local grain size distributions to predict basin-wide grain size distributions. The comparison of local grain size to fairway-scale grain size trends is key in correcting sediment volumetrics for significantly reduced uncertainties in catchment reconstruction and net:gross ratios predictions at the scale of sediment fairways, sub-basins, prospects and exploration/production fields. The new approach has been applied successfully to two subsurface continental to marine delta systems. They cover periods of approximately 7 My in total and include four limited local areas of interest (AOI). These local AOIs measure 200×200 km, while the entire sub-basin measures 500×800 km. The new approach indicates that only up to 40% of the total sediment volume of each fairway could be captured by previous methodologies with limited local areas of interest. A maximum of 70% of the entire sink sediment volume could be incorporated in local areas of interest. The new approach presented in this paper significantly lowers the uncertainties in sediment volume estimates, depositional rates and lithology distribution input parameters in forward stratigraphic modelling. For the two case studies, previous sediment flux models indicated rates of 10,000 km/Myr. The new integrated approach indicates that sediment flux actually reached 30,000 km/Myr with major implications for sediment distribution, net:gross prediction and catchment size and denudation rates estimates. The new integrated approach reduces uncertainties in catchment size and tectonic exhumation rate estimates for clastic depositional systems. It provides lower uncertainty parameters (sediment volume, source locations, sediment fractions, diffusion coefficients) for forward stratigraphic modelling, e.g., for reservoir quality prediction in hydrocarbon exploration. In fundamental research, provenance analyses can be better constrained by improved catchment size prediction and sediment grain size distribution models for sink areas
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