Insights on Fractured Domains in Reservoirs Resulting from Modeling Complex Geology/Structures - Case Study of the Ratana Field in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan

Exploration success in fold-and-thrust belts, like the Potwar petroleum province, is impacted by seismic imaging challenges and structural complexity. Success partly relies on the ability to validate subsurface models and model a range of properties, such as reservoir permeability. This is particularly important in the case of tight carbonate reservoirs such as the Eocene Sakesar Formation, where the recovery of economic quantities of hydrocarbons is conditioned by the presence of fracture-enhanced permeability. This requires the application of geological and geophysical modeling techniques to address these challenges, to minimize uncertainty and drive exploration success. The interpretation and structural validation of the Ratana structure presented here allows the proposal of a consistent and robust structural model even in areas of higher uncertainty in the data, such as along faults. The dynamically updatable, watertight, complex 3D structural framework created for the top Sakesar reservoir was used in combination with an assisted fault interpretation algorithm to characterize the fault and fracture pattern. The results showed a higher density of high amplitude fractures on the flanks of the structure rather than along the hinge. These results are supported by the incremental strain modeling based on the kinematic evolution of the structure. Together, this helped to characterize potential fracture corridors in areas of the seismic volume that previously proved challenging for human driven interpretation. Our results allow us to reduce the uncertainty related to the geometrical characteristics of the reservoir and provide insights into potential exploration well targets to maximize chances of success, suggesting that permeability and hydrocarbon flow may be higher at the margins of the Ratana structure, and not at the crest, which was the focus of previous exploration and production efforts.