示范刑法典精神错乱辩护对梦游杀手和精神病患者的应用

IF 0.4 Q2 Social Sciences New Criminal Law Review Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI:10.1525/nclr.2020.23.4.471
April Xiaoyi Xu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

美国的法律体系目前倾向于为梦游杀手开脱,尤其是基于非自愿行为辩护,而不是精神错乱辩护。相比之下,法律一般不会为精神变态的杀人犯开脱。然而,现状可能不是解决这一法律困境的最佳或最公正的办法;根据一个人对社会利益和被告权利之间的紧张关系的哲学信仰,一个人可以在涉及梦游和精神病的案件中普遍适用的精神错乱辩护中发现各种缺陷。随着法律的不断发展,这一领域还有增长的空间,特别是随着神经科学的进步,它可以为梦游者和精神病患者的大脑提供更多的见解。在探讨法律是否以及如何为梦游杀手和精神病患者开脱惩罚的复杂问题时,本文转向神经科学的相关发现寻求支持,并着重于一种特殊的方法,即《模范刑法典》(MPC)精神错乱辩护。我们首先概述了MPC在精神错乱辩护方面的相关刑法原则。然后,我们将相关的MPC部分,§4.01,应用于梦游杀手和精神病患者的背景,记住神经科学和相关科学学科的相关研究和发现,以及它们在这个阶段的局限性。部分分析考虑了美国最高法院最新的精神错乱法判决,卡勒诉堪萨斯州(2020年),与本文的主题有关。
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Applying the Model Penal Code Insanity Defense to Sleepwalking Killers and Psychopaths
The American legal system currently tends to excuse sleepwalking killers, particularly based on the involuntary act defense, more so than the insanity defense. By contrast, the law generally does not excuse psychopathic murderers. However, the status quo may not be the optimal or most just solution to this legal dilemma; depending on one’s philosophical beliefs regarding the tension between society’s interest and the accused’s rights, one can identify various flaws within the prevailing application of the insanity defense in cases involving sleepwalking and psychopathy. As the law is constantly evolving, there is space for growth in this area, especially with the advancement in neuroscience, which can offer more insight into sleepwalkers’ and psychopaths’ brains. In approaching the complex questions of whether and how the law should excuse sleepwalking killers and psychopaths from punishment, this article turns to relevant findings from neuroscience for support and focuses on one particular approach, that of the Model Penal Code (MPC) insanity defense. We begin with an overview of the relevant criminal law doctrine in contextualizing the MPC’s approach to insanity defense. We then apply the relevant MPC section, § 4.01, to the sleepwalking killer and psychopath contexts, bearing in mind relevant studies and findings in neuroscience and related scientific disciplines, as well as their limitations at this stage. Part of the analysis considers the U.S. Supreme Court’s latest insanity law decision, Kahler v. Kansas (2020), in relation to the subject matter of this article.
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期刊介绍: Focused on examinations of crime and punishment in domestic, transnational, and international contexts, New Criminal Law Review provides timely, innovative commentary and in-depth scholarly analyses on a wide range of criminal law topics. The journal encourages a variety of methodological and theoretical approaches and is a crucial resource for criminal law professionals in both academia and the criminal justice system. The journal publishes thematic forum sections and special issues, full-length peer-reviewed articles, book reviews, and occasional correspondence.
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