琥珀酸盐和二氧化硅纳米颗粒增强聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的物理力学性能测试

Inga Lasenko, D. Grauda, D. Butkauskas, J. Sanchaniya, Arta Viļuma-Gudmona, V. Lusis
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引用次数: 23

摘要

在本研究中,我们主要使用纳米纤维测试的标准方法(物理力学性能)测试了琥珀酸盐(波罗的海琥珀)和二氧化硅颗粒的聚丙烯腈(PAN)复合纳米纤维的物理力学性能。将静电纺丝法制备的聚丙烯腈复合纳米纤维涂覆在铝基板上进行结构研究。利用扫描电镜(SEM)测定纤维平均直径和标准差。采用通用试验机(NANO, MTS)测定纤维的力学性能。我们观察到,在超细复合纳米纤维中恒定或降低的结晶度导致在失效时保持高水平的应变,并且纳米纤维的强度随着直径的减小而显著增加。琥珀酸盐和二氧化硅纳米粉对PAN复合纳米纤维的改进是可行的,其直径不断减小。失效时应变的急剧下降表明退火纳米纤维的粘度(韧性)显著降低。由于纳米纤维的结晶度较低,因此在纺丝过程中产生了较大的应力。结果,将PAN纳米纤维的直径从大约2微米减小到139纳米(测试中最小的纳米纤维),其弹性模量从1增加到26 GPa,真强度从100增加到1750 MPa,韧性从20增加到604 MPa。
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Testing the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Reinforced with Succinite and Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles
In this research, we focused on testing the physical and mechanical properties of the developed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibers with succinite (Baltic amber) and SiO2 particles using standard methods of nanofiber testing (physical and mechanical properties). Polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers (based on the electrospinning method) were coated on an aluminum substrate for structural investigation. SEM was used to determine the average fiber diameter and standard deviation. The mechanical properties of the fibers were determined using a universal testing machine (NANO, MTS). We observed that constant or decreased levels of crystallinity in the ultrafine composite nanofibers led to the preservation of high levels of strain at failure and that the strength of nanofibers increased substantially as their diameter reduced. Improvements in PAN composite nanofibers with succinite and SiO2 nanopowder are feasible with continuous decreases in diameter. The drastically decreased strain at failure demonstrated a substantial reduction in viscosity (toughness) of the annealed nanofibers. Large stresses at failure in the as-spun nanofibers were a result of their low crystallinity. As a result, decreasing the diameter of PAN nanofibers from approximately 2 micrometers to 139 nanometers (the smallest nanofiber tested) resulted in instantaneous increases in the elastic modulus from 1 to 26 GPa, true strength from 100 to 1750 MPa, and toughness from 20 to 604 MPa.
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