Smart Grid Operation with Hybrid Renewable Resources and Electric Vehicle

The utilization of renewable energy resources will significantly increase to achieve clean and sustainable electricity generation. The management of the continuous growth share of variable renewable resources, integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and regulation of grid frequency require effective communication facilities of recent smart grids. In this respect, smart converters can provide efficient power conditioning devices to extract maximum power from renewable resources. In addition, the batteries of EVs could be used as distributed storage and discharge power back into the grid to compensate power deficit and flactuation. Modeling and controlling of the hybrid resources within smart grid were carried out in this paper. The smart converter is switched to track the maximum power point MPPT of the solar panels. In addition, the pitch angle control and DFIG regulation are used to extracte the maximum power under different wind speed and tidal stream velocities. The deployment of EVs can compensate power fluctuations and regulate the frequency deviations in the grid based on the proposed PID controller. In this paper, the integral minimization of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) is used for on-line tuning of the PID controller parameters. Using Matlab/Simulink package, the smart grid is modeled and simulated using the weather data of Kuwait and then the grid performance is assessed under system disturbances and load excursions.