Cinematographic analysis of the handspring vault.

Abstract Handspring vaults performed by 10 advanced-level female gymnasts were analyzed using a three-segment model. Kinematic variables and energy changes were measured for the preflight, contact, and after-flight phases. Each vault was scored with regard to kinematic factors only, and a correlation matrix between all of the measured variables was calculated. It was found that even though the preflight variables of the gymnasts as they left the takeoff board were very similar, their vertical velocities at initial horse contact varied considerably, with the poorest vaults showing downward velocities. This appeared to be a principal factor determining the outcome of the vault. All gymnasts lost horizontal speed, angular momentum, and mechanical energy during the contact phase.