综述:基于ZnO纳米结构的电化学生物传感器

مريم خويطر
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在过去的几十年里,电化学生物传感器由于广泛的不同应用而取得了巨大的发展,包括医疗保健和医疗诊断,环境监测和评估,食品工业和药物输送。纳米结构材料与电化学、固态物理、材料科学和生物学的不同学科和专业知识的整合,为未来一代高度快速、敏感、稳定、选择性和新型电化学生物传感器设备提供了机会。在金属氧化物纳米材料中,氧化锌纳米结构是当今纳米技术研究中最重要的纳米材料之一。这种纳米结构不仅因其非凡的结构、光学和电子特性而受到广泛研究,而且在光子学、光学、电子学、药物输送、癌症治疗、生物成像等各种新应用中表现突出。然而,这些纳米材料的功能最终取决于在纳米尺度上控制其特性的能力,包括形状、大小、位置和晶体结构。本文综述了不同结构氧化锌纳米材料在酶和非酶生物传感器方面的研究进展。在介绍了电化学生物传感器的基本原理之后,我们重点介绍了氧化锌作为潜在抗癌剂的基本特征。重点研究了基于ZnO纳米结构的功能化生物传感器,用于检测葡萄糖、胆固醇、l -乳酸、尿酸、金属离子和pH等生物分析物。
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Review: Electrochemical biosensors based on ZnO nanostructures
In the last few decades’ electrochemical biosensors have witnessed vast developments due to the broad range of different applications, including health care and medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and assessment, food industry, and drug delivery. Integration of nanostructured material with different disciplines and expertise of electrochemistry, solid-state physics, material science, and biology has offered the opportunity of a future generation of highly rapid, sensitive, stable, selective, and novel electrochemical biosensor devices. Among metal oxide nanomaterials, ZnO nanostructures are one of the most important nanomaterials in today’s nanotechnology research. Such nanostructures have been studied intensely not only for their extraordinary structural, optical, and electronic properties but also for their prominent performance in diverse novel applications such as photonics, optics, electronics, drug delivery, cancer treatment, bio-imaging, etc. However, functionality of these nanomaterials is eventually dictated by the capability to govern their properties including shape, size, position, and crystalline structure on the nanosized scale. This review aims to update the outstanding advancement in the developments of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic biosensors using a different structure of ZnO nanomaterials. After a coverage of the basic principles of electrochemical biosensors, we highlight the basic features of ZnO as a potential anticancer agent. focused attention gives to functionalized biosensors based on ZnO nanostructures for detecting biological analytes, such as glucose, cholesterol, L-lactic acid, uric acid, metal ions, and pH.
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