CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BACKYARD CHICKEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN CAMPECHE STATE, MEXICO

A study was conducted to characterize the backyard chicken production system in Campeche State, Mexico, as the basis of a program for utilizing local poultry genetic resources. A total of 260 surveys were administered in person. The housewives undertake backyard production activities. Farmers have, on average, 0.20 ± 0.1 hectares for raising local chickens (LC). Flock size was 24.4 ± 1.3 birds per household. The number of egg/hen/year was 45.8 ± 1.6. Confined and semi-confined production systems are used. Farmers fed chickens with corn, whereas chicks were fed with commercial feed. During the rainy season, flu and diarrheal diseases are more frequently observed. Body size is the main trait for acquiring/selecting breeders within/outside the flock. Selection of eggs for incubation is based on size and freshness. Families consume LC meat 3.5 ± 0.2 times a month and 17.0 ± 1.0 eggs a week. Farmers sell 1.6 ± 0.2 birds per month and 7.6 ± 0.7 eggs per week to get $8.99 ± 0.93 and $3.82 ± 0.33 USD, respectively. Feed shortages, diseases, predators, and lack of technical assistance services were the major constraints for LC backyard production. In conclusion, backyard chicken production based on LC provides a readily available source of animal protein and cash income for households in Campeche State, Mexico.