Levoglucosenone-derived synthesis of bio-based solvents and polyesters

ABSTRACT Polyesters are important materials with a wide range of applications, but there has been increasing concern over their sustainability. One example is the need for safer, bio-derived solvents to replace those currently in use for the polymer’s synthesis and processing. In this work, several variants of the bio-based cellulose/levoglucosenone derived solvent Cyrene, namely the ketal derivatives dioxolane Cygnet, dioxane Cygnet and dioxepane Cygnet were synthesized and tested as media for enzymatic polycondensation reactions using bio-based building blocks. Dioxolane Cygnet and dioxepane Cygnet were found to be suitable solvents for enzymatic polycondensation reactions, with dioxolane Cygnet being the preferred solvent, yielding polymers with a Mn >22 kDa. In addition, these solvents were tested in the biocatalyzed synthesis of levoglucosenone-based polyesters. The alternative solvents gave superior yields to those previously observed, demonstrating the versatility of these solvents in enzymatic polycondensation reactions, representing the first synthetic polymer-solvent system fully derived from cellulose. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT