Computational Approach to Solving a Layered Behaviour Differential Equation with Large Delay Using Quadrature Scheme

Abstract This paper deals with the computational approach to solving the singularly perturbed differential equation with a large delay in the differentiated term using the two-point Gaussian quadrature. If the delay is bigger than the perturbed parameter, the layer behaviour of the solution is destroyed, and the solution becomes oscillatory. With the help of a special type mesh, a numerical scheme consisting of a fitting parameter is developed to minimize the error and to control the layer structure in the solution. The scheme is studied for convergence. Compared with other methods in the literature, the maximum defects in the approach are tabularized to validate the competency of the numerical approach. In the suggested technique, we additionally focused on the effect of a large delay on the layer structure or oscillatory behaviour of the solutions using a special form of mesh with and without a fitting parameter. The effect of the fitting parameter is demonstrated in graphs to show its impact on the layer of the solution.