丁尼生的皱脚:衰老与衰败的诗学

Jacob Jewusiak
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摘要

本文认为,丁尼生的《泰索尼斯》(Tithonus, 1860)通过诗歌的正式褶皱将衰老和衰败联系在一起:韵律中断、折叠、松弛或隐藏的时刻对应着从伟大时代的角度得出的见解——与诗人失望、哀悼和失落的基调相呼应。我以《尤利西斯》(1842)和《吃荷花的人》(1832)为例来说明这篇论文的政治利害关系。这两首诗虽然强调的重点不同,但在年龄和衰败方面都有类似的投入。而对于尤利西斯来说,老年是一个胜利的机会,可以过着“枯叶般的生活”,这源于一种男性对即将到来的衰败的焦虑感。“吃莲花的人”将衰老和衰败与工作的必要性对立起来,将其作为分散资本主义效用的单一时间性的手段。这些诗歌将腐烂的诗学理论化,作为对男性和资本主义关于掌握、生产力和活力的内在价值的假设的衰老挑战。
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Tennyson’s Wrinkled Feet: Ageing and the Poetics of Decay
This article argues that Tennyson’s ‘Tithonus’ (1860) draws together ageing and decay through the poem’s formal wrinkling: moments where metrical disruption, folding, slackness, or concealment correspond to the insights derived from the perspective of great age — chiming the poet’s keynotes of disappointment, mourning, and loss. I turn to ‘Ulysses’ (1842) and ‘The Lotos-Eaters’ (1832) — poems with a similar, though differently stressed, investment in age and decay — to demonstrate the political stakes of this thesis. While for Ulysses old age presents the triumphant opportunity to live ‘Life to the lees’, this arises from a sense of masculine anxiety about imminent decay. ‘The Lotos-Eaters’ positions ageing and decay against the imperative to work as a means of decentring the monolithic temporality of capitalist utility. These poems theorize the poetics of rot as a senescent challenge to the masculine and capitalist assumptions about the inherent value of mastery, productivity, and vigour.
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