Pathologie neurologique malformative fœtale

« Congenital malformation » refers to any structural abnormality of the central nervous system (CNS), present at birth, and due to interrupted or modified CNS development during intrauterine life, whatever the aetiology. The frequency of CNS malformations has been estimated to 5-10/ 1,000 births, found in 5-10% of stillborn infants, or early deceased neonates. “Neural tube defect” (NTD) refers to a large set of malformations resulting from a neural tube closure that may be defective to a variable extent, or abnormal covering tissues induced by the axis mesoderm (posterior dura mater, axis skeleton, hypoderm) and the ectoderm.