基于果实表型性状和开花习性的甜瓜遗传多样性评价

F. Soltani, Moien Shajari, Giti Sadat Mirbehbahani, M. Bihamta
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引用次数: 2

摘要

了解遗传多样性和种质分类是选择合适亲本进行育种的关键。本研究对45个伊朗甜瓜和15个外源甜瓜的遗传多样性和分类进行了评价。温室试验采用完全随机区组设计,3个重复,每个重复5株。果实数与雌花数、果实数、果实产量呈正相关。果实数与叶面积呈负相关。具有单性开花习性的基因型在低节处产生雌花,形成较长的果实。雌花数、果数、产量、高总可溶性固形物(TSS)、叶面积、雌花外形第一节和果肉硬度在成分分析中权重较高,系数较大。在选育方面,集群4的所有材料均为雄性雌雄同株,获得了较高的TSS、叶面积和果肉硬度。前3个聚类中有11个单性菌株,分别为TN-93-5、TN 92100、TN 921071、TN 922025 (Cluster1)、FLTM 27和FLTM35 (Cluster2)、TN921026、TN-94-21、TN- 94-44、TN-94-28和TN-94-3 (Cluster3)。聚类3的特点是雌花和果数多,雌花第一节数少。综上所述,根据所评价的性状,可为改良甜瓜育种提供良好的遗传资源和可供选择的外源类型。
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Assessment of Melon Genetic Diversity Based on Fruit Phenotypic Traits and Flowering Habits
Understanding genetic diversity and germplasm classification are the keys for selection of right parents for breeding purposes. In the present study, the genetic diversity and classification of 45 Iranian and 15 foreign melons were evaluated. A greenhouse experiment was laid out as a randomized completely block design with three replications and five plants in each replicates. Fruit number had a positive correlation with female flower numbers, fruit number, and fruit yield. The fruit number, however, correlated negatively with the leaf area. Genotypes with monoicous flowering habit produced female flowers in lower nodes and formed longer fruit. The number of the female flower, fruit number, yield, high total soluble solids (TSS), leaf area, the first node of female appearance, and flesh firmness were amongst the high weighted and more coefficient in the component analysis. For the breeding purpose, all accessions of cluster 4 were andromonoecious and obtained high TSS, leaf area, and flesh firmness. From the first three clusters, 11 accessions were monoecious, which belonged to TN-93-5, TN 92100, TN 921071, TN 922025 (Cluster1), FLTM 27, and FLTM35 (Cluster2), TN921026, TN-94-21, TN- 94-44, TN-94-28, and TN-94-3 (Cluster3). The characteristic of cluster 3 included melons with high female flower and fruit number and fewer number of the first node of female flower. In conclusion, good genetic resources and foreign types for selection are available for improving the breeding of melons based on the evaluated traits.
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