使用钻井自动化服务识别和降低钻井风险的创新方法:案例研究

Ashabikash Roy Chowdhury, M. Forshaw, Narender Atwal, M. Gatzen, Salman Habib, Jonathan Afolabi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在当今日益复杂和成本敏感的钻井环境中,使用井下和地面实时传感器系统收集的数据必须与基于物理的模型协同工作,以便及早发现钻井危险,及时采取行动和缓解措施。确定减少无形损失时间(ILT)的机会同样至关重要。许多类似的系统都是在独立的基础上收集和分析地面或井下数据,但缺乏以整体决策方式使用数据的综合方法。这些系统要么不能完整地描述当前的钻井条件,要么不能确保系统信息导致现场参数的变化。这通常会导致在识别和缓解钻井问题时出现失误。描述了自动化软件系统架构,详细介绍了基于物理的模型,这些模型用于实时使用地面和井下传感器数据,并输出连续的、与操作相关的模拟结果。无论是地面扭矩和阻力测量数据,还是井下ECD和ESD测量数据,系统都会自动比较实际与计划的偏差,以及是否违反地层压力等边界条件。该系统还可以模拟井底诱导压力;抽汲和振荡,并动态建议安全,但最佳的起下钻速度为手头的操作。这有双重好处;既避免了与抽汲和浪涌相关的昂贵的NPT,又能够直观地显示出运行速度ILT。所有处理应用程序都与高度直观的用户界面相结合。详细介绍了在中东陆地上的三次成功部署。首先是水平段,实时模型与实际自动比较扭矩和阻力样本,并使用PWD数据进行验证,以便及早识别井眼清洁不良。其次,在垂直段,模型与实际算法在常规人工监测无法识别的情况下自动识别井眼清洁不足。最后,展示了一个案例,在这些边界条件下,抽汲和涌动的实时建模以及起下钻速度的直观可视化,与邻井相比,显著提高了平均起下钻速度,降低了作业者的AFE。这三种部署方式的共同点是采用一体化的油井服务方式,即由一家服务公司提供大部分的建井服务,同时由一个远程操作团队作为部署的软件解决方案的主要用户。
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Innovative Approach of Drilling Risk Identification and Mitigation Using Drilling Automation Services: Case Studies
In the increasingly complex and cost sensitive drilling environment of today, data gathered using downhole and surface real-time sensor systems must work in unison with physics-based models to facilitate early indication of drilling hazards, allowing timely action and mitigation. Identification of opportunities for reduction of invisible lost time (ILT) is similarly critical. Many similar systems gather and analyze either surface or downhole data on a standalone basis but lack the integrated approach towards using the data in a holistic decision-making manner. These systems can either paint an incomplete picture of prevailing drilling conditions or fail to ensure system messages result in parameter changes at rigsite. This often results in a hit or miss approach in identification and mitigation of drilling problems. The automated software system architecture is described, detailing the physics-based models which are deployed in real-time consuming surface and downhole sensor data and outputting continuous, operationally relevant simulation results. Measured data from either surface, for torque & drag, or downhole for ECD & ESD is then automatically compared both for deviation of actual-to-plan, and for infringement of boundary conditions such as formation pressure regime. The system is also equipped to model off-bottom induced pressures; swab & surge, and dynamically advise on safe, but optimum tripping velocities for the operation at hand. This has dual benefits; both the avoidance of costly NPT associated with swab & surge, as well as being able to visually highlight running speed ILT. All processing applications are coupled with highly intuitive user interfaces. Three successful deployments all onshore in the Middle East are detailed. First a horizontal section where real-time model vs. actual automatic comparison of torque & drag samples, validated with PWD data allowed early identification of poor hole cleaning. Secondly, a vertical section where again the model vs. actual algorithmic automatically identified inadequate hole cleaning in a case where conventional human monitoring did not. Finally, a case is exhibited where real-time modelling of swab and surge, as well as intuitive visualization of the trip speeds within those boundary conditions led to a significant increase in average tripping speeds when compared to offset wells, reducing AFE for the operator. Common for all three deployments was an integrated well services approach, with a single service company providing the majority of services for well construction, as well as an overarching remote operations team who were primary users of the software solutions deployed.
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