角质层:理想的渗透器?

F. Pirot, F. Falson, C. Pailler-Mattéi, H. Maibach
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引用次数: 10

摘要

水和渗透物的动态平衡是一项基本的生物功能。由于缺乏水通道蛋白(即水通道蛋白)的表达,角膜层避免了大量的经皮失水,这是适应陆地生命所必需的。尽管其异质性,但角膜层表现出均匀的水运输,而高渗透性的内源性物质在各种条件下控制其持水能力和皮肤的物理性质(如刚度、硬度、柔韧性)。然而,尽管构成皮肤生理学的基石,但角膜层水分稳态与外源性渗透胁迫之间的偶然相互作用尚未报道。在这里,我们表明,渗透冲击增强了内源性地层气压,与施加在它上面的渗透压成正比,因此,减少了向外水转移和净蒸发的大小。内源渗透压的增强增强了角质层在化学势方面的持水量。这种性质在有机渗透电解质中被发现,但对于以最小层透性为特征的矿物电解质则受到质疑。此外,使用内置的室内渗透计(所谓的“角质计”)进行的直接实验证实,水通过受渗透压梯度影响的角质层进行转移。因此,角质层的矛盾函数,首先表现为理想的渗透计,其次是适应外部渗透压梯度的角质层自身的渗透压,已经被清楚地证明了。这种两重性影响角质层的持水能力,通过调节初始渗透应力成比例的水转移,并最终限制角质层进一步促进或阻碍皮肤水化的能力。
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Stratum Corneum: An Ideal Osmometer?
Water and osmolyte homeostasis is an essential biological function. Remarkably devoid of aquaporin (i.e., water channel protein) expression, the stratumcorneumavoids a substantial transepidermal water loss, compulsory for the adaptation to terrestrial life. In spite of its heterogeneity, the stratum corneumexhibits a homogeneous water transport, whereas highly osmotic endogenous materials control its water-holding capacity and skin’s physical properties (e.g., stiffness, firmness, flexibility) under various conditions. However, the contingent interplay between water homeostasis of the stratum corneumand an exogenous osmotic stress has been not reported, although constituting a cornerstone of skin physiology. Here, we show that an osmotic shock reinforces the endogenous stratum corneumosmolality proportionally to the osmotic pressure exerted against it and, therefore, reduces the magnitude of outward water transfer and net evaporation. The strengthening of endogenous osmolality enhanced the water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum with respect to chemical potentials. This property was found for organic osmolytes, but questioned for mineral electrolytes characterized by minimal stratum corneumpermeability. Besides, straightforward experiments performed using a built-in house osmometer, a so-called ‘corneosmometer’, have confirmed water transfer through the stratum corneumsubmitted to a gradient of osmotic pressure. Thus, the ambivalent function of the stratum corneum, which firstly behaves as an ideal osmometer and secondly adapts its own osmolality to an exogenous gradient of osmotic pressure, has been clearly demonstrated. This duality influences the water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum, by regulating the water transfer proportionally to an initial osmotic stress, and, finally, conditions the further capacity of the stratum corneumto facilitate or impede skin hydration.
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Acknowledgement to Referees for Exogenous Dermatology 2004 Contents Vol. 3, 2004 Author Index Vol. 3, 2004 Is There Evidence that Geraniol Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis? Subject Index Vol. 3, 2004
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