视障人士获取网上资讯和服务的经验:系统的文献回顾

IF 2.4 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems Pub Date : 2019-06-13 DOI:10.17705/1PAIS.11203
Shikha Shethia, A. Techatassanasoontorn
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引用次数: 2

摘要

万维网是世界上最大的电子信息来源。多年来,互联网的快速发展使其更难获得,从而使视障人士越来越难以获取在线信息和服务。本文系统地回顾了以往的研究,以确定视障人士面临的挑战,以及无障碍技术和指南在支持视障人士获取在线信息和服务方面的作用。研究结果讨论了文献中出现的三个类别:为视障人士提供的无障碍内容,为视障人士改善网站的可访问性,以及无障碍技术及其对视障人士的好处和局限性。研究结果进一步讨论了在浏览网上内容时出现的可用性问题,为缓解这些问题所作的不同尝试,以及网页设计师可以采用的不同指引和工具,使视障人士更容易浏览网站。它还讨论了各种可访问性技术的多功能性和可用性。虽然这些技术提供了基本的在线信息访问,但它们的功能受到很大限制。因此,网页设计师在设计网站时要改变自己的观念。通过适当使用这些准则,可利用无障碍技术的能力,使所有用户,包括视力障碍者,都能获得所提供的信息。这项研究的贡献在于,它提供了一个严谨的叙事回顾,总结了视力障碍人士在获取在线信息和服务方面面临的挑战,以及无障碍技术在解决其中一些挑战方面的支持和限制。此外,本研究还指出了在未来的研究中值得更多关注的差距和领域,包括视障人士的数字排斥问题、网页设计师不愿意开发无障碍网站的原因、改进无障碍技术以支持日益复杂的视觉网站等。由于视障人士是一个多元化的群体,有不同程度的障碍、需求和偏好,我们鼓励研究人员将他们纳入未来的研究。
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Experiences of People with Visual Impairments in Accessing Online Information and Services: A Systematic Literature Review
The World Wide Web is the largest source of electronic information in the world. Over the years, rapid advances in the internet have made it less accessible thereby making it increasingly difficult for people with visual impairments to access online information and services . This paper systematically reviews previous research to identify challenges that people with visual impairments face, and the role of accessibility technologies and guidelines to support people with visual impairments in their access to online information and services. The findings discuss three categories emerged from the literature: inaccessible content for the visually impaired, improving website accessibility for the visually impaired, and accessibility technologies and their benefits and limitations for people with visual impairments. The findings further discuss the usability issues which are present in accessing online content, the different attempts that have been made to mitigate these problems, and the different guidelines and tools that can be adopted by web designers to make websites more accessible for the visually impaired. It also discusses the versatility and availability of various accessibility technologies. Although these technologies provide basic access to online information, they are greatly limited in their functionality. Therefore, it is up to the web designers to change their perceptions when designing websites. With the proper use of the guidelines, the capabilities of accessibility technologies can be accommodated in making information provided accessible to all users including those with visual impairments. The contributions of this research are that it offers a rigorous narrative review to summarise the state of knowledge on challenges that people with visual impairments face in accessing online information and services, the support and limitations of accessibility technologies in addressing some of these challenges. In addition, this study identifies gaps and areas that deserve more scrutiny in future research including digital exclusion issues among the visually impaired, explanation on the unwillingness of web designers to develop accessible websites, improvements to accessibility technologies to support increasingly visually complex websites, among others. Since the visually impaired are a diverse group with different degrees of impairments, needs and preferences, we encourage researchers to involve them in future studies.
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