鳞翅目蝇(Megaselia scalaris, low, 1866)(双翅目:蝇科):实验室大规模生产果蝇的新威胁

M. Daif, A. Mosallam, A. Ebrahim
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摘要

鳞蝇(Megaselia scalaris)是一种杂食性物种,能够探索各种各样的环境和生态位。众所周知,它是一种重要的食腐动物,蛆以各种动物和植物来源的食物为食。在埃及农业研究中心植物保护研究所园艺昆虫研究部的实验室中,对两种带绦虫的桃果蝇小实蝇(Saunders)和地中海果蝇(Wiedemann)进行了室内大量培养,研究了鳞翅目蝇作为一种严重侵染的蛹-成虫。为评价丁香、薰衣草和楝树精油对人工饲料中幼虫的胃毒作用,分别采集两种果蝇的蛹,直至羽化。出蛹3 d后,所有出蝇均死亡,体腔空,腹腔内可见大量奇怪的幼虫和蛹,鉴定为膜翅目:蝶蛾科(Eurytoma martellii Domenichini, 1960)和双翅目:果蝇科(droptera: drofilidae)。第一种为主要优势种,而最近两种为罕见种。由此得出结论,这些物种,尤其是黄鳞夜蛾,可能会对许多昆虫(如绦虫果蝇)的实验室批量生产构成威胁。
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The Scuttle Fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) (Diptera: Phoridae): A New Threat on Laboratory Mass Production of Fruit Flies
The scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris is an omnivorous species, capable of exploring a large variety of environments and ecological niches. It is known as an important detritivore species with maggots feeding on a variety of food of both animal and plant origin. M. scalaris was investigated as a severely-infesting pupal-adult parasitoid on the laboratory mass culture of the two tephritid species of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) reared in laboratory of Horticultural Insects Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt. Pupae of the two species of fruit flies resulting from experiments to evaluate efficiency of certain essential oils (Clove, Lavender and Neem) as stomach poison against larval instars in treated artificial diet were separately collected till emergence. Three days post emergence, all emerged flies were investigated dead with empty body cavities and huge numbers of strange larvae and pupae were observed inside their abdominal cavity which were identified as, M. scalaris, Eurytoma martellii Domenichini, 1960 (Hymenoptera: Eurytomatidae) and Drosophila hydei Sturtevant,1921 (Diptera: Drosophilidae). The first species was major predominant, whereas the latest two species were rare. Thus, it is concluded that these species especially M. scalaris may form a threat factor for laboratory mass production of many species of insects such as tephritid fruit flies.
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