Calling for an alternative emancipation? Female discourses in the Polish radical-nationalist movement

ABSTRACT Despite the preponderance of men within radical-nationalist circles, an increase in women's participation has recently been observed. Considering the general anti-feminist statements voiced in nationalist milieus, it is crucial to find out how women, in particular, frame their nationalist involvement and, more generally, their role in society. Based on an analysis of articles published by female nationalists, this article explores the discursive strategies used by these women in the construction of gender roles and women's position in the society. The article thus highlights the heterogenous character of women's involvement in nationalism, and distinguishes two main wings among female nationalists: (dominant) nationalist conservatives and (less present) nationalist quasi-feminists. On the one hand, female nationalists perceive women as keepers and reproducers of culture, and their activities can be understood as a kind of alternative emancipation linked to a rejection of (liberal) feminism. On the other hand, certain female nationalists attempt to negotiate between notions of conservatism and feminism, calling for new (right-wing) spaces of female political involvement.