C. Rogers, Timothy I. Astrop, S. Webb, S. Ito, K. Wakamatsu, M. McNamara
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引用次数: 13
摘要
筛选色素对动物的视力至关重要。脊椎动物使用结合在黑素体中的黑色素作为筛选色素,而头足类动物被认为使用同色体。在有争议的化石Tullimonstrum (Mazon Creek, IL, USA)中保存的眼睛黑素体按大小和/或形状划分为不同的层。这些层类似于被认为是脊椎动物眼睛特有的组织特异性黑素体种群。在这里,我们表明,现存的头足类动物的眼睛也显示出组织特异性的大小和/或形状特异性的黑素体分配;它们与脊椎动物黑素体的不同之处在于微量金属的相对丰度和铜的结合环境。与脊椎动物相比,Tullimonstrum眼睛中黑色素体的化学特征更接近于现代头足类动物的眼睛,这表明无脊椎动物与Tullimonstrum的亲和力是可信的。因此,黑素体化学可以为黑素体大小和/或形状不明的神秘化石的系统发育亲缘关系提供见解。
Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy of melanosomes in vertebrates and cephalopods: implications for the affinity of Tullimonstrum
Screening pigments are essential for vision in animals. Vertebrates use melanins bound in melanosomes as screening pigments, whereas cephalopods are assumed to use ommochromes. Preserved eye melanosomes in the controversial fossil Tullimonstrum (Mazon Creek, IL, USA) are partitioned by size and/or shape into distinct layers. These layers resemble tissue-specific melanosome populations considered unique to the vertebrate eye. Here, we show that extant cephalopod eyes also show tissue-specific size- and/or shape-specific partitioning of melanosomes; these differ from vertebrate melanosomes in the relative abundance of trace metals and in the binding environment of copper. Chemical signatures of melanosomes in the eyes of Tullimonstrum more closely resemble those of modern cephalopods than those of vertebrates, suggesting that an invertebrate affinity for Tullimonstrum is plausible. Melanosome chemistry may thus provide insights into the phylogenetic affinities of enigmatic fossils where melanosome size and/or shape are equivocal.