测量是无辜的

IF 0.4 Q2 Social Sciences New Criminal Law Review Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1525/nclr.2021.24.4.601
M. Zalman, R. Norris
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引用次数: 4

摘要

错判率是多少?这个问题可能隐含在布莱克斯通的比率中:“十个有罪的人逃脱总比一个无辜的人受苦好。”然而,旨在提供经验性答案的学术研究是在美国“清白运动”兴起后才出现的。本文没有提供另一项研究来估计对特定样本(如特定时间段内的死刑判决)或整个司法管辖区的错误重罪定罪率。相反,我们评估利率问题本身,并评估其对清白学术和行动的重要性。我们首先追溯这个问题的思想渊源,以及它在无辜信徒和无辜怀疑论者之间的历史和思想根源。然后,我们描述和评估所有或大部分发表的研究,试图估计错误定罪率。接下来,我们将讨论这篇已发表作品的一个反复出现的局限性,即,它未能解释或未经证实的关于无辜被告认罪和轻罪定罪的假设。最后,鉴于现代无罪运动及其日益增长的成就,我们质疑利率问题的持续重要性。
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Measuring Innocence
What is the rate of wrongful conviction? This question may be implicit in Blackstone’s ratio: “It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.” Scholarship designed to provide an empirical answer, however, emerged only with the rise of the “innocence movement” in the United States. This article does not provide another study estimating the rate of wrongful felony conviction either for a specified sample, such as death sentences within a specified time period, or for an entire jurisdiction. Instead, we evaluate the rate question itself and assess its importance to innocence scholarship and action. We first trace the question’s intellectual lineage, and its historical and ideological roots among innocence believers and innocence skeptics. We then describe and evaluate all or most of the published studies attempting to estimate the wrongful conviction rate. Next, we discuss a reoccurring limitation of this published work, namely, its failure to account for or its unsubstantiated assumptions about guilty pleas and misdemeanor convictions among innocent defendants. Finally, we question the continued importance of the rate question in light of the modern innocence movement and its growing accomplishments.
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期刊介绍: Focused on examinations of crime and punishment in domestic, transnational, and international contexts, New Criminal Law Review provides timely, innovative commentary and in-depth scholarly analyses on a wide range of criminal law topics. The journal encourages a variety of methodological and theoretical approaches and is a crucial resource for criminal law professionals in both academia and the criminal justice system. The journal publishes thematic forum sections and special issues, full-length peer-reviewed articles, book reviews, and occasional correspondence.
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