骶骨裂的古流行病学研究:第聂伯河下游地区晚期斯基泰人的异常患病率

M. Karapetian
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引用次数: 0

摘要

脊柱裂是一种发育异常,被认为是由遗传和环境因素共同引起的。虽然在胚胎发育早期发现了叶酸缺乏最显著的关联,但也发现了许多遗传变异与神经管缺陷的发展有一定的关联,但这些数据不一致。通常在骨标本中观察到的不明显的异常(隐性脊柱裂)是否真的是早期胚胎发育中形成的神经管缺陷的一种形式,或者是在出生后生命后期形成的一种微小变异,仍然存在争议。此外,关于骶椎隐性脊柱裂的神经系统后果的数据是模棱两可的,一些人指出它的临床意义,另一些人说它不会以任何方式影响健康。尽管关于脊柱裂的古病理学研究有很多,但在欧亚草原的早期铁器时代人群中,这种异常的频率仍然很大程度上是未知的。本研究探讨了晚期辛泰人样本(公元前3世纪-公元前3世纪)中骶骨脊柱裂的存在。公元)来自黑海北部地区。总共检查了来自Nikolayevka和Zolotaya Balka村(乌克兰赫尔松州)附近墓地的89具骷髅。这些墓地位于第聂伯河沿岸,相距约90公里。他们所代表的人都是定居下来的农民。当三个上骶骨(S1-S3)有一个或全部受到影响时,对缺损进行评分,并记录其水平。总共有16%的人受到影响。大多数缺陷仅在S1级被观察到。本组仅记录2例完全性骶部脊柱裂。异常的频率在男性和女性之间,以及在年轻(35岁)的成年人之间没有显著差异。在两个例子中,葬在同一个坟墓里的两个人都患有骶骨裂,这可能表明他们之间存在生物学关系。骶骨裂的发生频率与文献报道的平均值非常接近。因此,目前没有证据表明,在这一群体中,有这种形式的骨骼异常的个体受到了更多的选择,也没有证据表明环境因素的重大影响导致了其在个体发育中的发展。此外,与文献数据相反,在该样本中,年龄和性别似乎不是显著影响该性状变异的因素,尽管使用老年个体比例更高的样本时,该性状的年龄动态需要进一步考虑。
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On paleoepidemiology of spina bifida sacralis: prevalence of the anomaly in Late Scythians of lower Dnieper region
Spina bifida is a developmental anomaly that is thought to be caused by a combination of hereditary and en-vironmental factors. Though the most significant association was found with the folic acid deficit during early em-bryogenesis, numerous genetic variants were also found to be in some association with the development of neu-ral tube defects, but this data is inconsistent. It is still debated whether the unremarkable anomaly (spina bifida occulta) often observed in osteological samples is truly a form of neural tube defects forming in early embryo-genesis, or is a minor variation that is forming later in postnatal life. Also, data is equivocal regarding the neuro-logical consequences of sacral spina bifida occulta, some pointing to its clinical significance, others stating that it does not affect the wellbeing in any way. Though paleopathological studies on spina bifida are numerous, the frequency of the anomaly remains largely unknown for the Early Iron Age population of the Eurasian steppes. This study examines presence of sacral spina bifida in a Late Scynthian sample (3rd c. BC — 3rd с. AD) from the northern Black Sea region. Totally, 89 skeletons were examined, originating from cemeteries near Nikolayevka and Zolotaya Balka villages (Kherson Oblast, Ukrain). These cemeteries are located along the Dnieper river bank about 90 km apart. The people they represent were settled agriculturalists. The defect was scored when either or all of the three upper sacral vertebrae were affected (S1–S3), its level was recorded. Totally, 16 % of individuals were affected. The majority of defects were observed solely on S1 level. Only two cases of spina bifida sacralis totalis were recorded. The frequency of the anomaly was not significantly different either between males and fe-males, or between younger (<35 years) and older (>35 years) adults. In two instances, two individuals buried in a common grave both had spina bifida sacralis which may point to a biological relationship between them. The fre-quency of spina bifida sacralis is very close to the mean values, reported in the literature. Thus, no evidence of an increased selection against individuals in this group with this form of skeletal anomaly, or a significant impact of envi-ronmental factors, leading to its development in ontogenesis, is present. Also, contrary to literature data, it seems that in this sample age and sex were not the factors significantly contributing to the trait’s variation, though the age dynamics of this trait needs further consideration using a sample with higher proportion of senile individuals.
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来源期刊
Vestnik Archeologii, Antropologii i Etnografii
Vestnik Archeologii, Antropologii i Etnografii Arts and Humanities-Archeology (arts and humanities)
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
60
审稿时长
16 weeks
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