Pyogenic Granuloma of the Oral Cavity: Clinical and Histopathological Features, Etiopathogenesis, and Management

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular tumor that usually occurs on the skin and mucous membranes, mostly of the oral cavity. The most common site for oral PG is the gingiva. The lesion arises in response to various stimuli, such as low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury, or hormonal changes. It may occur at any age, with the highest incidence in the 2nd and 5th decades of life. Women are more frequently affected due to the increased levels of circulating hormones like estrogen and progesterone. This article reviews the clinical and histopathological features of oral PG, as well as its etiopathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and treatment.