Significance of bacterial surface-active compounds in interaction of bacteria with interfaces.

INTRODUCTION AND TERMINOLOGY 151 TYPES OF BACTERIAL SACs 153 SYNTHETIC SACs AND BACTERIA 154 In Solution 154 Sodium dodecyl sulfate 154 Quaternary ammonium compounds 154 Various surfactants 155 Immobilized on Surfaces 155 Insolubilized quaternary ammonium compounds 155 Insolubilized block copolymer surfactants 155 Miscellaneous Effects 156 BACTERIAL SACs AND BACTERIA 156 Physiological Roles 156 Other Observations 157 Applied Aspects of Bacterial SACs 157 SURFACE-ACTIVE APPROACH TO BACTERIAL ADHESION/DEADHESION 157 SIGNIFICANCE OF BACTERIAL SACs IN ADHESION TO INTERFACES 158 SACs Bound at the Bacterial Cell Surface 158 Cell-bound biosurfactants 158 Cell-bound polymeric SACs 159 SACs Bound at the Substratum 159 Excreted biosurfactants 159 Excreted polymeric SACs 160 SIGNIFICANCE OF BACTERIAL SACs IN DEADHESION FROM INTERFACES 160 Biosurfactants 160 Polymeric SACs 161 GLIDING—A CONTINUOUS DEADHESION WITHIN TWO DIMENSIONS 161 BACTERIAL CELL SURFACE HYDROPHOBICITY—REGULATION VIA BACTERIAL SACs? 161 CONCLUSIONS 162 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 162 REFERENCES 162