z点4.5的快速旋转低湍流盘:局部早型星系演化的动力学证据

F. Fraternali, A. Karim, B. Magnelli, C. Gómez-Guijarro, E. F. Jim'enez-Andrade, A. Posses
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引用次数: 9

摘要

据估计,早期宇宙中的大质量星暴星系的耗尽时间为$\sim 100$ Myr,因此能够将气体迅速转化为恒星,可能导致恒星形成的快速熄灭。由于这些原因,它们被认为是大质量早期星系(etg)的祖先。本文研究了两颗高$z$星暴,AzTEC/C159 ($z\simeq 4.57$)和J1000+0234 ($z\simeq 4.54$),它们是用ALMA在${\rm [C}\,{\rm II}{\rm ]}$发射线上观测到的。这些观测揭示了两个有规律旋转的巨大气体盘。这些圆盘的3D模型显示,至少在AzTEC/C159中,旋转速度约为$500\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1} $,气体速度分散低至$\approx 20\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$,导致规则运动和随机运动之间的比率非常高($V/\sigma \lower.7ex\hbox{$ \;\stackrel{\textstyle>}{\sim} \;$} 20$)。旋转曲线的质量分解表明,这两个星系都以重子为主,气体质量为$\approx 10^{11}\,{M}_{\odot}$,对于J1000+0234来说,这明显高于之前的估计。我们表明,一旦这些高$z$星系的气体转化为恒星,它们就会在Tully-Fisher关系的etg模拟中与$z=0$大质量etg重叠。这为大质量高$z$星暴和etg之间的联系提供了动力学证据,尽管从快速旋转到近压力支持系统的转变机制尚不清楚。
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Fast rotating and low-turbulence discs at z ≃ 4.5: Dynamical evidence of their evolution into local early-type galaxies
Massive starburst galaxies in the early Universe are estimated to have depletion times of $\sim 100$ Myr and thus be able to convert their gas very quickly into stars, possibly leading to a rapid quenching of their star formation. For these reasons they are considered progenitors of massive early-type galaxies (ETGs). In this paper, we study two high-$z$ starbursts, AzTEC/C159 ($z\simeq 4.57$) and J1000+0234 ($z\simeq 4.54$), observed with ALMA in the ${\rm [C}\,{\rm II}{\rm ]}$ emission line. These observations reveal two massive and regularly rotating gaseous discs. A 3D modelling of these discs returns rotation velocities of about $500\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1} $ and gas velocity dispersions as low as $\approx 20\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$, at least in AzTEC/C159, leading to very high ratios between regular and random motion ($V/\sigma \lower.7ex\hbox{$\;\stackrel{\textstyle>}{\sim}\;$} 20$). The mass decompositions of the rotation curves show that both galaxies are highly baryon-dominated with gas masses of $\approx 10^{11}\,{M}_{\odot}$, which, for J1000+0234, is significantly higher than previous estimates. We show that these high-$z$ galaxies overlap with $z=0$ massive ETGs in the ETG-analogue of the Tully-Fisher relation once their gas is converted into stars. This provides a dynamical evidence of the connection between massive high-$z$ starbursts and ETGs, although the transformation mechanism from fast-rotating to nearly pressure-supported systems remains unclear.
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