A Novel Online State of Health Estimation Method for Electric Vehicle Pouch Cells Using Magnetic Field Imaging and Convolution Neural Networks

Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are used as the main power source in electric vehicles (EVs). Despite their high energy density and commercial availability, LiBs chronically suffer from non-uniform cell ageing, leading to early capacity fade in the battery packs. In this paper, a non-invasive, online characterisation method based on deep learning models is proposed for cell-level SoH estimation. For an accurate measurement of the state of health (SoH), we need to characterize electrochemical capacity fade scenarios carefully. Then, with the help of real-time monitoring, the control systems can reduce the LiB’s degradation. The proposed method, which is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), characterises the changes in current density distributions originating from the positive electrodes in different SoH states. For training and classification by the deep learning model, current density images (CDIs) were experimentally acquired in different ageing conditions. The results confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach in online SoH estimation and the prediction of the capacity fade scenarios.