Heterogeneous GNN-RL-Based Task Offloading for UAV-Aided Smart Agriculture

Having unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with edge computing capability hover over smart farmlands supports Internet of Things (IoT) devices with low processing capacity and power to accomplish their deadline-sensitive tasks efficiently and economically. In this letter, we propose a graph neural network-based reinforcement learning solution to optimize the task offloading from these IoT devices to the UAVs. We conduct evaluations to show that our approach reduces task deadline violations while also increasing the mission time of the UAVs by optimizing their battery usage. Moreover, the proposed solution has increased robustness to network topology changes and is able to adapt to extreme cases, such as the failure of a UAV.