催化剂失活对汽车N2O排放的影响

Matsuo Odaka, Noriyuki Koike, Hisakazu Suzuki
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引用次数: 34

摘要

尽管对汽车排放的N2O总量的估计差异很大,但人们认为汽车是非农业人为N2O排放的一个重要来源。1997年在京都举行的《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三次缔约方会议(COP-3)上,一氧化二氮被指定为必须减少排放到大气中的温室气体。这一行动增加了对汽车N2O排放量更准确估计的需求。估算值的巨大差异可归因于排放测试模式、催化剂类型和测试中催化剂失活程度的差异。本研究从催化剂温度频率分布的角度考察了汽车催化剂失活对N2O排放的影响。采用模拟气体和失活三元催化剂(TWCs),应用各国废气排放测试模式。结果表明,催化剂失活后N2O排放量增加的原因不是N2O生成量增加,而是催化剂分解N2O能力下降。还发现催化剂失活的效果因催化剂组成和排放测试方式的不同而不同。
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Influence of catalyst deactivation on N2O emissions from automobiles

Though estimates of the total N2O emitted by automobiles differ widely, automobiles are believed to be a significant source of non-agricultural anthropogenic N2O emissions. At the Third Conference of the Parties (COP-3) UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, held in Kyoto in 1997, N2O was designated as a greenhouse gas whose release into the atmosphere must be reduced. This action increased the need for more accurate estimates of automotive N2O emissions. The wide variation in estimates may be attributed to differences in emission test modes, types of catalysts, and levels of catalyst deactivation involved in the tests. In this study, we examined the influence of automotive catalyst deactivation on N2O emissions from the perspective of catalyst temperature frequency distribution. Using a model gas and deactivated three-way catalysts (TWCs), we applied the exhaust emission test modes of various countries. The results indicate that the factor behind the increase of N2O emissions following catalyst deactivation is not growth in N2O generation, but a decline in the N2O decomposition capability of the catalyst. It was also found that the effect of catalyst deactivation differs according to the catalyst composition and the emission test mode.

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