用爆炸压实法将碳化铬粉末与结合剂金属混合生产耐磨涂层的基本原理

A. Krokhalev, V. Kharlamov, S. Kuzmin, V. Lysak
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引用次数: 4

摘要

本文介绍了碳化铬(Cr3C2)粉末与金属(Ti、Ni、Cu)混合的爆炸压实实验数据,并给出了理论解释。这些数据可作为阐述基于科学原理的成分选择和技术开发的基础,以爆炸生产耐磨耐磨碳化铬硬质合金和涂层。在不同的加载参数下(冲击波中粉末加热温度为200 ~ 1000℃,最大冲击压缩压力为4 ~ 16 GPa),采用正入射面爆震波对粉末混合物进行了爆炸压实。采用hot - calc软件对相平衡进行数值热力学模拟,进行相变分析。使用光学(德国卡尔蔡司的«Axiovert 40МАТ»),扫描(美国fei的«Versa 3D»和«Quanta 3D FEG»),透射(捷克共和国特斯拉的«BS 540»,美国fei的«Titan 80-300»和«Tecnai G2 20F»)电子显微镜和«Solver Pro»原子力显微镜(LLC«NT-MDT»,泽列诺格勒)研究了微观结构,化学和相组成。使用«STA 449 F3 Jupiter»仪器(德国NETZSCH)在合成空气环境中加热至1500°C时,使用热重分析(TGA)研究了爆炸获得的材料在高温下的温度稳定性和抗氧化性。在MI-1M摩擦机上(莫斯科MEZIMiV公司),采用针环方案,在蒸馏水环境下进行了摩擦学试验。描述了在爆炸压实过程中粉末材料颗粒之间的固结和强边界形成的机制。结果表明,爆炸法制备的含钛键的硬质碳化铬合金相组成保持不变,抗氧化温度高达600℃,其抗摩擦性能和耐磨性明显优于迄今为止用于水润滑摩擦副的SGP-0、5和kn -20材料。
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FUNDAMENTALS OF WEAR-RESISTANT COATING PRODUCTION FROM CHROMIUM CARBIDE POWDER MIXTURE WITH BINDER METAL BY EXPLOSIVE COMPACTION
The article presents experimental data on explosive compaction of chromium carbide (Cr3C2) powder mixtures with metals (Ti, Ni, Cu) provided with theoretical explanations. These data were used as a basis for stating science-based principles of composition selection and technology development to produce antifriction wear-resistant chromium carbide hard alloys and coatings by explosion. Explosive compaction of powder mixtures was carried out according to a scheme using a normally incident plane detonation wave in a wide range of loading parameters (powder heating temperature in shock waves varied from 200 to1000 °Cand maximum shock compression pressure varied from 4 to 16 GPa during experiments). Phase transformation analysis was carried out by the numerical thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibrium using the Thermo-Calc software. Microstructure, chemical and phase compositions were studied using optical («Axiovert 40МАТ» by CarlZeiss,Germany), scanning («Versa 3D» and «Quanta 3D FEG» byFEI,USA), transmission («BS 540» byTesla,Czech Republic, «Titan 80-300» and «Tecnai G2 20F» byFEI,USA) electron microscopes and «Solver Pro» atomic force microscope (LLC «NT-MDT», Zelenograd). Temperature stability and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures of the materials obtained by explosion was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) using the «STA 449 F3 Jupiter» instrument (NETZSCH, Germany) in the synthetic air environment when heated to1500 °C. Tribological tests were carried out on the MI-1M friction machine (MEZIMiV,Moscow) according to the pin-on-ring scheme with plunging in distilled water environment. The mechanisms of consolidation and formation of strong boundaries between powder material particles during explosive compaction are described. It is shown that hard alloys of chromium carbide with titanium bond obtained by explosion retain their phase compositions without any changes and resist to oxidation up to600 °C, and also have significantly better anti-friction properties and wear resistance than the SGP-0,5 and KHN-20 materials used in water-lubricated friction couples until the present time.
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