Margarita Tadeo-Robledo, A. Espinosa-Calderón, Enrique I. Canales-Islas, C. López-López, Benjamín Zamudio-González, A. Turrent-Fernández, N. Gómez-Montiel, M. Sierra-Macías, A. Martínez-Gutiérrez, Roberto Valdivia-Bernal, P. Andrés-Meza
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Sowing was done during the spring-summer season, 2015, in field owned by the FESC-UNAM and CEVAMEX-INIFAP. A completely randomized block design was used with four replicates. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were detected for genotypes (G) in the variables of grain yield, plant height, ear height, days to male and female flowering, volumetric weight, grain weight, ear length, and grains per ear. Moreover, the effect of the environment (E) was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the same variables, with the exception of ear length. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) were registered for the densities factor (D). Only the G×E interaction had significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the grain yield trait. The better environment was CEVAMEX, with a mean yield of 5497 kg ha-1. The Tsiri PUMA hybrid had the best grain yield with 5856 kg ha-1. Although there were no differences for the studied interactions, the 65 000 plants ha-1 population density was the most appropriate. 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引用次数: 4
摘要
在墨西哥,从饮食、工业、社会、政治和文化的角度来看,玉米(Zea mays L.)是最重要的谷物之一。它生长在不同的农业生态位、水制度和管理系统中。本研究的目的是研究不同玉米杂交种单位面积的最佳种植密度及其对籽粒产量和农艺性状的影响。对6个玉米杂交品种(H-51 AE、H 53 AE、H 47 AE、H 49 AE、Tsiri PUMA和H-48)和3种密度(5万株、6.5万株和8万株hm -1)进行了评价。播种于2015年春夏季节,在FESC-UNAM和CEVAMEX-INIFAP拥有的田间进行。采用完全随机区组设计,共4个重复。籽粒产量、株高、穗高、雌雄花期、体积重、粒重、穗长、穗粒数在基因型(G)间存在显著差异(P≤0.05)。除穗长外,环境(E)对其他变量的影响均显著(P≤0.05)。密度因子(D)差异不显著(P≥0.05),产量性状只有G×E互作差异显著(P≤0.05)。CEVAMEX环境较好,平均产量5497 kg ha-1。杂交品种孜里PUMA产量最高,为5856 kg ha-1。种群密度以65000株ha-1为最适宜。密度因子对所评价杂交种的性能没有影响。因此,我们建议使用6.5万株ha-1,以避免投资大量种子。
Grain yield and population densities of new corn hybrids released by the INIFAP and UNAM for the High Valleys of Mexico†
In Mexico, corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals from the alimentary, industrial, social, political, and cultural points of view. It is grown in different agroecological niches, water regimes, and management systems. The objective of the present research work was to study the optimum plant density per area unit and its effect on grain yield and agronomical characteristics of different corn hybrids. Six corn hybrids (H-51 AE, H 53 AE, H 47 AE, H 49 AE, Tsiri PUMA, and H-48) and three plant densities (50 000, 65 000, and 80 000 plants ha-1) were evaluated. Sowing was done during the spring-summer season, 2015, in field owned by the FESC-UNAM and CEVAMEX-INIFAP. A completely randomized block design was used with four replicates. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were detected for genotypes (G) in the variables of grain yield, plant height, ear height, days to male and female flowering, volumetric weight, grain weight, ear length, and grains per ear. Moreover, the effect of the environment (E) was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the same variables, with the exception of ear length. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) were registered for the densities factor (D). Only the G×E interaction had significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the grain yield trait. The better environment was CEVAMEX, with a mean yield of 5497 kg ha-1. The Tsiri PUMA hybrid had the best grain yield with 5856 kg ha-1. Although there were no differences for the studied interactions, the 65 000 plants ha-1 population density was the most appropriate. The densities factor did not affect the performance of the evaluated hybrids. Therefore, we recommend using 65 000 plants ha-1 to avoid investing in large amounts of seeds.