Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia: Pathogenesis, Epileptogenesis and Implications in Higher Cerebral Functions.

Periventricular nodular heterotopias (PNH) is a neuronal migration disorder characterized by nodules of gray matter located along the lateral ventricles, which can range from isolated single nodules to bilateral confluent nodules. This malformation of cortical development can be related genetic or extrinsic factors. Reading dysfluency, epilepsy and normal intelligence are main hallmark. PNH and overlying cortex integrate a (dis)functional network. In this review, we discuss the recent progress about pathogenes and epileptogenesis on PNH, and their participation in the processing of higher cortical functions.