对艾滋病的恐惧:是否存在可复制的、不变的问卷维度?

Willem A Arrindell , Michael W Ross , K Robert Bridges , Wiljo van Hout , Annet Hofman , Robbert Sanderman
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引用次数: 34

摘要

迄今为止,只有一项研究(Bouton et al., 1987)专门针对评估个人对感染艾滋病的担忧制定了一项措施。在本研究中,有人认为Bouton等人的适用性和/或有效性。对艾滋病的恐惧量表应该在概念和心理测量的基础上受到严肃的质疑。此外,还没有发表过关于艾滋病恐惧维度的研究。本研究的目的是检验对艾滋病的恐惧是否可以在特定艾滋病相关恐惧的因素分析中显示为一致的恐惧组合,以及它是否可以与血液/伤害恐惧区分开来,后者已被确立为具有跨样本和跨国不变性的复合体。研究人员以684名美国学生为样本,研究了包含38个项目的“艾滋病恐惧量表”(简称FAIDSS)的维度结构。主成分分析与VARIMAX旋转揭示了两个独立但相关的,内部一致和可复制的艾滋病恐惧维度:(一)害怕与危险的性行为有关的艾滋病感染,害怕染上这种疾病的心理和身体后果,以及(二)害怕通过(a)与危险群体成员的人际接触(不一定是性接触)和(b)接受医疗程序而接触艾滋病病毒和其他相关病毒。这两种成分在性别上都是不变的。进一步的分析指出,在因子衍生的子量表旁边,可以使用一般(即总体)的艾滋病恐惧测量方法。通过对传统恐惧量表量表iii与性别、年龄、民族/种族、学生专业、宗教信仰等背景因素的相关性分析,得出结论:为了避免不合理的过度概括或误导性的欠概括,研究者/临床医生应同时使用子量表和一般量表。获得了支持艾滋病恐惧结构与血液/伤害恐惧相关的区别效度的证据。并提出了进一步研究的建议。
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Fear of aids: Are there replicable, invariant questionnaire dimensions?

To date, there has been only one study (Bouton et al., 1987) that aims specifically at developing a measure for assessing personal concern about acquiring AIDS. In the present study, it was argued that the suitability and/or validity of the Bouton et al. Fear of AIDS Scale should be seriously questioned on conceptual and psychometric grounds. In addition, there are no published studies in which the dimensionality of AIDS fear has been examined. The present investigation was carried out to examine whether fear of AIDS can be shown to emerge as a consistent fear composite in factor analysis of specific AIDS-related fears and whether it can be distinguished from Blood/Injury fears, the latter of which has been established as a complex which possesses both cross-sample and cross-national invariance qualities. The dimensional structure of a 38-item Fear of AIDS Schedule (the acronym FAIDSS being used for describing it) was explored with a sample of 684 American students. Principal components analysis with VARIMAX rotation revealed two separate but related, internally consistent and replicable dimensions of AIDS fear: (I) Fear of AIDS contraction associated with risky sexual behavior, and the fear of the psychological and somatic consequences of having caught the disease, and (II) Fear of exposure to the AIDS virus and other associated viruses through (a) interpersonal, not necessarily sexual, contact with members of risk groups and (b) the subjection to medical procedures. Both components were shown to be invariant across sex. Further analyses pointed to the possibility of using a general (i.e. overall) measure of AIDS fear next to the factorially-derived subscales. On the basis of the patterns of correlations of the fear of AIDS constructs with the conventional Fear Survey Schedule-III and background factors such as sex, age, ethnicity/race, students' major in college and religious preference, it was concluded that, if unjustified overgeneralizations or misleading undergeneralizations are to be avoided, the researcher/clinician should use both the subscales and the general scale conjointly. Evidence in favor of discriminant validity of the fear of AIDS constructs in relation to Blood/Injury fears was obtained. Some implications and recommendations for further study were given.

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