认知研究的计算基础

IF 0.2 Q4 LINGUISTICS Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI:10.17791/jcs.2011.12.4.325
D. Chalmers
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引用次数: 200

摘要

计算是现代认知科学基础的核心,但它的作用是有争议的。关于计算的问题比比皆是:物理系统实现计算是什么?计算对思考来说足够了吗?计算在认知理论中的作用是什么?不同类型的计算理论之间的关系是什么,比如联结主义和符号计算?在本文中,我开发了一个系统的框架来解决所有这些问题。证明计算的作用需要分析实现,抽象计算和具体物理系统之间的联系。如果系统的因果结构反映了计算的形式结构,那么我基于这样的想法给出了这样的分析。这种解释可以用来证明人工智能和计算认知科学的核心承诺:计算充分性的论点,它认为正确的计算结构足以拥有思维,以及计算解释的论点,它认为计算为解释认知过程提供了一个总体框架。这些结论是以下事实的结果:(a)计算可以指定因果组织的一般模式,(b)心态是组织的不变量,植根于这种模式。在此过程中,我回答了对计算主义立场的各种挑战,例如Searle提出的挑战。最后,我提倡一种最小计算主义,与各种各样的思维经验方法相兼容。这使得计算成为认知科学的真正基础。
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A Computational Foundation for the Study of Cognition
Computation is central to the foundations of modern cognitive science, but its role is controversial. Questions about computation abound: What is it for a physical system to implement a computation? Is computation sufficient for thought? What is the role of computation in a theory of cognition? What is the relation between different sorts of computational theory, such as connectionism and symbolic computation? In this paper I develop a systematic framework that addresses all of these questions. Justifying the role of computation requires analysis of implementation, the nexus between abstract computations and concrete physical systems. I give such an analysis, based on the idea that a system implements a computation if the causal structure of the system mirrors the formal structure of the computation. This account can be used to justify the central commitments of artificial intelligence and computational cognitive science: the thesis of computational sufficiency, which holds that the right kind of computational structure suffices for the possession of a mind, and the thesis of computational explanation, which holds that computation provides a general framework for the explanation of cognitive processes. The theses are consequences of the facts that (a) computation can specify general patterns of causal organization, and (b) mentality is an organizational invariant, rooted in such patterns. Along the way I answer various challenges to the computationalist position, such as those put forward by Searle. I close by advocating a kind of minimal computationalism, compatible with a very wide variety of empirical approaches to the mind. This allows computation to serve as a true foundation for cognitive science.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
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0.00%
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0
期刊介绍: Journal of Cognitive Science is an official journal of the International Association for Cognitive Science (IACS, http://ia-cs.org) and published quarterly by the Institute for Cognitive Science at Seoul National University, located in Seoul, Korea. The Association currently consists of member societies of different countries such as Australia, China, Japan, Korea, and European Union. However, paper submission by anyone in the whole world is welcome at any time. Its main concern is to showcase research articles of highest quality and significance within the disciplines of cognitive science, including, but not limited to, philosophy, psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, aesthetics, anthropology, and education, insofar as it is deemed to be of interest to those who pursue the study of mind. In particular, we would like to encourage submissions that cross the traditional disciplinary boundaries. The Journal of Cognitive Science (JCS) is published quarterly on 31 March, 30 June, 30 September, 31 December (founded in 2000) as the official journal of International Association for Cognitive Science (IACS) by the Institute for Cognitive Science at Seoul National University. It is a SCOPUS, ESCI, EBSCO, KCI journal. It aims to publish research articles of the highest quality and significance within the disciplines that form cognitive science, including philosophy, psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, anthropology, and education for Interdisciplinary Journal. Submissions that cross traditional disciplinary boundaries in either themes or methods are especially encouraged. AI-associated Cognitive Science will be newly reinforced and papers in this area are encouraged to be submitted.
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