Features of Laser Tube Bending processing based on Laser Forming: A Review

Laser forming of materials can help produce the desired shapes from sheets or tubes, which is not possible through conventional methods. Molds, dies, and external force are not needed for the laser forming of materials. Furthermore, the process is flexible and can be controlled by making changes to the materials, their geometry, and the laser parameters, either individually or in combination with each other. Investigations into laser tube bending are scarce in the literature pertaining to this field of study despite its potential and industrial importance. In contrast, much research has been conducted on laser sheet forming, which employs the same mechanism. In this study, laser tube bending is compared with laser sheet forming in order to develop a better understanding of the laser forming process. This review elucidates upon the mechanisms employed in laser forming (in general) and laser tube bending (in particular). A number of investigation methods are reviewed and analytical models of the process are also described. The principle of laser tube bending is explained, and the influence of various parameters (such as materials, geometry, laser, edge, and cooling effects) on the process is analyzed. Additionally, large tubes bending and preloading, or laser assistance, are examined.