HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE UTERUS OF INFERTILE SLAUGHTERED BUFFALOES

Agribusiness is the foundation of Pakistan's economy as it contributes 18.9 percentto the nation's GDP. Buffalo is a significant investor with a populace of 38.8 million heads. Theprofitable characteristics of Nili Ravi wild ox are inimitable with some other buffalo breeds on theplanet, while the conceptive qualities are still nadir. The most widely recognized regenerative issuesexperienced are postponed time of pubescence, helpless estrus articulation, low ripeness with AI,deferred baby blues anestrous, and irregularity. These attributes have made it amazingly hard toincrease quick hereditary advancement in this variety. Conceptive biotechnologies assume a key job inbreed improvement by bypassing these obstacles. For this study eighty animals were selected andslaughtered due to reproductive issues and reproductive tracts were collected from the slaughterhouseand observe the tract grossly (texture and shape, any exudate, ovarian structures). Then cut the uterinetissue sample with the size of 2 × 2 × 2cm was fixed in formalin 10% for histopathology. Afterprocessing microscopy was performed to find histopathologic changes (Endometrial epithelium,uterine gland, and inflammatory cells and caruncles status). The grading of animals is labeled asNormal (-), Mild (+), Moderate (++), and Severe (+++) on basis of the degree of infection. The whiteside test was negative for 40% of samples while 60% of animals are positive with different degrees ofaffection. Endometrial epithelium erosion is absent in 31.43% of animals while 68.67% of animalshave erosions. Atrophy of uterine glands was absent in 41.43% of animals while 58.67% of animalscontained atrophy of glands. 11.43% of animals were negative for inflammatory cells while 88.66% ofanimals were positive for inflammatory cells. 20% of animals had normal caruncles while 80% ofanimals had swelled caruncles. Discharge was collected for the white side test from the cervix. 62.86%of animals had serious discharge while 37.14% of animals had a purulent discharge. The color andtexture of the tract are divided into two categories pale and pale reddish with swelling. 54.74% had apale color while 45.26% had a pale and reddish with swelling. In conclusion, 60% of animals wereaffected by endometritis including mild, moderate, and severe. Histopathological parameters and thenature of exudate also showed a significant relationship with endometritis which was indicated by thewhite side test. The treatment of endometritis should be done after the white side test beforeinsemination. In this way, we can improve reproductive performance and conception rate. Furtherstudies are warranted to perform the culture sensitivity test and treat the animals with intra-uterine andsystemic antibiotic therapy.