道德与政治基础:从政治心理学到政治现实主义

Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI:10.1515/mopp-2021-0067
Adrian Kreutz
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引用次数: 3

摘要

政治心理学家哈特米、克拉布特里和史密斯指责正统的道德基础理论预测了本已固有的东西,即道德信仰影响政治决策。作者认为,首先,政治心理学必须从平等对待政治和道德信仰的立场出发,以避免自我辩护的理论化,其次,这种分析为政治态度预测道德态度提供了更有力的证据,而不是相反。我将这一实证结果作为介入当代规范性政治理论辩论的起点,在我看来,这场辩论在很大程度上已经变得难以驾驭:政治现实主义之争。我建议现实主义者“淡化”(迄今为止)关于现实主义的形式化立场的尚无定论的辩论,而支持非形式化的调查。哈特米、克拉布特里和史密斯的研究提供了一个极好的背景。它肯定了现实主义的假设,即政治在某种相关意义上——一种因果的、心理的意义上——先于道德。
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Moral and Political Foundations: From Political Psychology to Political Realism
Abstract The political psychologists Hatemi, Crabtree and Smith accuse orthodox moral foundations theory of predicting what is already intrinsic to the theory, namely that moral beliefs influence political decision-making. The authors argue that, first, political psychology must start from a position which treats political and moral beliefs as equals so as to avoid self-justificatory theorising, and second, that such an analysis provides stronger evidence for political attitudes predicting moral attitudes than vice versa. I take this empirical result as a starting point to intervene in a debate in contemporary normative political theory which has, to my mind, become largely unwieldy: the political realism controversy. I advise the realists to ‘downplay’ the (thus far) inconclusive debate over realism’s metanormative standing in favour of a non-metanormative inquiry. Hatemi, Crabtree and Smith’s study makes for an excellent backdrop. It affirms the realist hypothesis that politics is in some relevant sense – a causal, psychological sense – prior to morality.
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