J. Einasto, A. Klypin, G. Hütsi, L. Liivamägi, M. Einasto
{"title":"宇宙密度场的偏度和峰度演化","authors":"J. Einasto, A. Klypin, G. Hütsi, L. Liivamägi, M. Einasto","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202039999","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We perform numerical simulations of the evolution of the cosmic web for the conventional $\\Lambda$CDM model in box sizes $L_0=256,~512,~1024$~\\Mpc. We calculate models, corresponding to the present epoch $z=0$, and to redshifts $z=1,~3,~5,~10,~30$. We calculate density fields with various smoothing levels to find the dependence of the density field on smoothing. We calculate PDF and its moments -- variance, skewness and kurtosis. The dimensionless skewness $S$ and the dimensionless kurtosis $K$ characterise symmetry and flatness properties of the 1-point PDF of the cosmic web. Relations $S =S_3 \\sigma$, and $K=S_4 \\sigma^2$ are now tested in standard deviation $\\sigma$ range, $0.015 \\le \\sigma \\le 10$, and in redshift $z$ range $0 \\le z \\le 30$. Reduced skewness $S_3$ and reduced kurtosis $S_4$ described in log-log format. Data show that these relations can be extrapolated to earlier redshifts $z$, and to smaller $\\sigma$, as. well as to smaller and larger smoothing lengths $R$. Reduced parameters depend on basic parameters of models. The reduced skewness: $S_3 = f_3(R) +g_3(z)\\,\\sigma^2$, and the reduced kurtosis: $S_4 = f_4(R) +g_4(z)\\,\\sigma^2$, where $f_3(R)$ and $f_4(R)$ are parameters, depending on the smoothing length, $R$, and $g_3(z)$ and $g_4(z)$ are parameters, depending on the evolutionary epoch $z$. The lower bound of the amplitude parameters are, $f_3(R) \\approx 3.5$ for reduced skewness, and $f_4(R) \\approx 16$ for reduced kurtosis, for large smoothing lengths, $R\\approx 32$~\\Mpc. With decreasing smoothing length $R$ the skewness and kurtosis values for given redshift $z$ turn upwards.","PeriodicalId":8431,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"5","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evolution of skewness and kurtosis of cosmic density fields\",\"authors\":\"J. Einasto, A. Klypin, G. Hütsi, L. Liivamägi, M. Einasto\",\"doi\":\"10.1051/0004-6361/202039999\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"We perform numerical simulations of the evolution of the cosmic web for the conventional $\\\\Lambda$CDM model in box sizes $L_0=256,~512,~1024$~\\\\Mpc. We calculate models, corresponding to the present epoch $z=0$, and to redshifts $z=1,~3,~5,~10,~30$. We calculate density fields with various smoothing levels to find the dependence of the density field on smoothing. We calculate PDF and its moments -- variance, skewness and kurtosis. The dimensionless skewness $S$ and the dimensionless kurtosis $K$ characterise symmetry and flatness properties of the 1-point PDF of the cosmic web. Relations $S =S_3 \\\\sigma$, and $K=S_4 \\\\sigma^2$ are now tested in standard deviation $\\\\sigma$ range, $0.015 \\\\le \\\\sigma \\\\le 10$, and in redshift $z$ range $0 \\\\le z \\\\le 30$. Reduced skewness $S_3$ and reduced kurtosis $S_4$ described in log-log format. Data show that these relations can be extrapolated to earlier redshifts $z$, and to smaller $\\\\sigma$, as. well as to smaller and larger smoothing lengths $R$. Reduced parameters depend on basic parameters of models. The reduced skewness: $S_3 = f_3(R) +g_3(z)\\\\,\\\\sigma^2$, and the reduced kurtosis: $S_4 = f_4(R) +g_4(z)\\\\,\\\\sigma^2$, where $f_3(R)$ and $f_4(R)$ are parameters, depending on the smoothing length, $R$, and $g_3(z)$ and $g_4(z)$ are parameters, depending on the evolutionary epoch $z$. The lower bound of the amplitude parameters are, $f_3(R) \\\\approx 3.5$ for reduced skewness, and $f_4(R) \\\\approx 16$ for reduced kurtosis, for large smoothing lengths, $R\\\\approx 32$~\\\\Mpc. With decreasing smoothing length $R$ the skewness and kurtosis values for given redshift $z$ turn upwards.\",\"PeriodicalId\":8431,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"arXiv: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics\",\"volume\":\"75 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-11-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"5\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"arXiv: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039999\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"arXiv: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039999","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Evolution of skewness and kurtosis of cosmic density fields
We perform numerical simulations of the evolution of the cosmic web for the conventional $\Lambda$CDM model in box sizes $L_0=256,~512,~1024$~\Mpc. We calculate models, corresponding to the present epoch $z=0$, and to redshifts $z=1,~3,~5,~10,~30$. We calculate density fields with various smoothing levels to find the dependence of the density field on smoothing. We calculate PDF and its moments -- variance, skewness and kurtosis. The dimensionless skewness $S$ and the dimensionless kurtosis $K$ characterise symmetry and flatness properties of the 1-point PDF of the cosmic web. Relations $S =S_3 \sigma$, and $K=S_4 \sigma^2$ are now tested in standard deviation $\sigma$ range, $0.015 \le \sigma \le 10$, and in redshift $z$ range $0 \le z \le 30$. Reduced skewness $S_3$ and reduced kurtosis $S_4$ described in log-log format. Data show that these relations can be extrapolated to earlier redshifts $z$, and to smaller $\sigma$, as. well as to smaller and larger smoothing lengths $R$. Reduced parameters depend on basic parameters of models. The reduced skewness: $S_3 = f_3(R) +g_3(z)\,\sigma^2$, and the reduced kurtosis: $S_4 = f_4(R) +g_4(z)\,\sigma^2$, where $f_3(R)$ and $f_4(R)$ are parameters, depending on the smoothing length, $R$, and $g_3(z)$ and $g_4(z)$ are parameters, depending on the evolutionary epoch $z$. The lower bound of the amplitude parameters are, $f_3(R) \approx 3.5$ for reduced skewness, and $f_4(R) \approx 16$ for reduced kurtosis, for large smoothing lengths, $R\approx 32$~\Mpc. With decreasing smoothing length $R$ the skewness and kurtosis values for given redshift $z$ turn upwards.