风中的声音,地上的痕迹:波利尼西亚历史中口头叙述与考古的整合

IF 0.4 4区 历史学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of the Polynesian Society Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI:10.15286/JPS.127.3.275-306
P. Kirch
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引用次数: 10

摘要

长期以来,波利尼西亚社会一直以口头叙述的形式编码其历史而闻名。虽然有些叙述在本质上明显是宇宙起源或神话,但其他叙述据称是真实的人的事情,按时间顺序索引主要和家庭谱系。19世纪末和20世纪初的学者,如亚伯拉罕·福南德(Abraham Fornander)和蒂·兰吉·博拉(Te Rangi Hiroa),依靠这种口头叙述来撰写各种波利尼西亚社会的欧洲前历史。然而,在20世纪下半叶,考古学家和文化人类学家都倾向于摒弃口头叙述的历史有效性。基于富图纳、提科皮亚、牛托普塔普和夏威夷的四个案例研究,我重新评估了口头叙述与考古记录之间的联系,发现在所有情况下,都有强有力的证据支持传统叙述与真实人物和事件有关的观点。这种传统的叙述通常不会超过三到四个世纪,但对于这些后来的时期,它们提供了宝贵的资源——对岛屿历史的土著视角,补充和增加了经验考古记录。
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Voices on the wind, traces in the earth: Integrating oral narrative and archaeology in Polynesian history
Polynesian societies have long been noted for encoding their histories in the form of oral narratives. While some narratives are clearly cosmogonic or mythological in nature, others purportedly recount the affairs of real persons, chronologically indexed to chiefly and family genealogies. Late 19th- and early 20th-century scholars such as Abraham Fornander and Te Rangi Hiroa relied upon such oral narratives to write the pre-European histories of various Polynesian societies. In the second half of the 20th century, however, archaeologists and cultural anthropologists alike have tended to dismiss the historical validity of oral narratives. Based on four case studies from Futuna, Tikopia, Niuatoputapu and Hawai'i, I reassess the linkages between oral narratives and the archaeological record, finding that in all cases there is strong evidence to support the view that the traditional narratives relate to real persons and events. Such traditional narratives typically do not extend farther back in time than three to four centuries, but for these later time periods they offer an invaluable resource - an indigenous perspective on island histories that complements and augments the empirical archaeological record.
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CiteScore
1.50
自引率
16.70%
发文量
5
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