使用燃料电池和电池的MUN探索者自主水下航行器动力系统的尺寸和动态建模

Mohamed M. Albarghot, Tariq Iqbal, K. Pope, L. Rolland
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引用次数: 8

摘要

燃料电池和电池的结合在为自动驾驶汽车提供动力方面具有很大的潜力。MUN探索者自主水下航行器(AUV)的建造是为了完成海底测绘类型的任务以及调查任务。这些任务需要很大的能量才能到达水下深度(即3000米)。MUN探索者使用11块可充电锂离子(Li-ion)电池作为主要电源,总容量为14.6千瓦时至17.952千瓦时,车辆可以运行10小时。由Holyrood管理设施的研究人员完成的操作模联探索者现有动力系统的缺点包括动员成本、物流和运输以及设施访问,所有这些都应予以考虑。给电池充电至少8小时也是非常具有挑战性和耗时的。为了克服这些挑战并长时间运行MUN探索者,将燃料电池集成到现有的电力系统(即电池组)中至关重要。燃料电池的集成不仅会增加系统功率,而且还会减少所需电池的数量,正如HOMER软件所建议的那样。在本文中,设计了一个集成的燃料电池,并将其与电池库系统一起添加到MUN Explorer AUV中,以增加其动力系统。系统分级是使用HOMER软件进行的。荷马软件的结果表明,1千瓦的燃料电池和8个锂离子电池可以将电力系统的容量增加到68千瓦时。然后在MATLAB/Simulink环境中建立动态模型,以便更好地理解系统的行为。1千瓦的燃料电池连接到DC/DC升压转换器,根据电池和直流电机的要求,将输出电压从24 V增加到48 V。该模型还包括一个氢气罐。在电池旁边安装氢罐和氧气罐的好处是它有助于水下深度的浮力。该系统的设计是基于模联探索者数据表和系统动态仿真结果。
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Sizing and Dynamic Modeling of a Power System for the MUN Explorer Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Using a Fuel Cell and Batteries
The combination of a fuel cell and batteries has promising potential for powering autonomous vehicles. The MUN Explorer Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is built to do mapping-type missions of seabeds as well as survey missions. These missions require a great deal of power to reach underwater depths (i.e., 3000 meters). The MUN Explorer uses 11 rechargeable Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries as the main power source with a total capacity of 14.6 kWh to 17.952 kWh, and the vehicle can run for 10 hours. The drawbacks of operating the existing power system of the MUN Explorer, which was done by the researcher at the Holyrood management facility, include mobilization costs, logistics and transport, and facility access, all of which should be taken into consideration. Recharging the batteries for at least 8 hours is also very challenging and time consuming. To overcome these challenges and run the MUN Explorer for a long time, it is essential to integrate a fuel cell into an existing power system (i.e., battery bank). The integration of the fuel cell not only will increase the system power, but will also reduce the number of batteries needed as suggested by HOMER software. In this paper, an integrated fuel cell is designed to be added into the MUN Explorer AUV along with a battery bank system to increase its power system. The system sizing is performed using HOMER software. The results from HOMER software show that a 1-kW fuel cell and 8 Li-ion batteries can increase the power system capacity to 68 kWh. The dynamic model is then built in MATLAB/Simulink environment to provide a better understanding of the system behavior. The 1-kW fuel cell is connected to a DC/DC Boost Converter to increase the output voltage from 24 V to 48 V as required by the battery and DC motor. A hydrogen gas tank is also included in the model. The advantage of installing the hydrogen and oxygen tanks beside the batteries is that it helps the buoyancy force in underwater depths. The design of this system is based on MUN Explorer data sheets and system dynamic simulation results.
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