埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州沙拉地区小农红豆商业化的决定因素

Bahilu Ejeta, Daniel Masresha
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摘要

小农面临许多限制,阻碍他们从市场参与中获得利益。本研究评估了影响埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州Shalla地区红豆作物产出侧商业化决策和商业化水平的因素。本研究采用多阶段抽样技术,从研究区域的5个抽样工厂中选取150名豆农。采用描述性和计量经济学方法对数据进行分析。运用Heckman的两步样本选择模型分析了大豆市场商业化决策和商业化水平的决定因素。第一阶段probit模型估计结果显示,户主年龄、受教育年限、成员合作社、家庭规模、非农活动和积极劳动力影响市场参与概率。第二阶段Heckman选择估计表明,户主年龄、家庭规模、农场规模和受教育年限对红豆供应量有显著影响。结果还表明,决定红豆农场参与决策的大部分因素也决定了红豆农场的参与水平,这表明红豆农场和红豆农场的参与决策是同时进行的。最后,利益相关者应该设计适当的政策,为家庭提供更好的信贷服务和农业推广服务,推进市场基础设施,并向小农提供营销激励措施,以鼓励农民参与粮食市场。
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Determinants of Red Bean Commercialization by Smallholder Farmers in Shalla Districts, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Smallholder farmers face many constraints that impede them to derive benefits from market participation. This study assessed factors that influence output side commercialization decision and level of commercialization of red bean crop in Shalla Districts, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. In this study multi stage sampling techniques were employed to select 150 bean producers from five sample kebeles in the study area. Both descriptive and econometric methods were used to analyze the data. Heckman’s two step sample selection model was applied to analyze factors determining commercialization decision and level of commercialization in the bean market. The first-stage probit model estimation results revealed that age of household head, years of schooling, membership cooperative, family size, off-farm activities and active labor affected probability of market participation. Second-stage Heckman selection estimation indicated that age of household head, family size, farm size and years of schooling significantly determined volume of red bean supply. The results also showed that most of the factors determining decision of participation in red bean farm also determine level of participation, suggesting that the two decisions were made simultaneously by red bean producers. Finally, stakeholders should be designing appropriate policies, creating better credit services and agricultural extension services to households, advancing market infrastructure and delivering of marketing incentives to smallholder farmers which would encourage the farmers to participate in the food market.
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