以英语为第二语言的阿拉伯男性和女性在正式面对面对话中的互动风格的批判性研究

Hussain Al-Ali, K. Mann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

很明显,当以英语为第二语言时,阿拉伯男性和女性在正式面对面对话中的互动风格差异是一项有趣而又令人不安的任务。从目前的研究结果来看,男性和女性的语言风格在会话功能本身、会话反馈、整个会话中的主导性别、语音变化等方面存在较大差异。女性更喜欢避免直接的分歧,并与其他异性保持社会关系。女性还会依靠更简单的方法或策略让对方尽可能地参与到对话中来。男性,不管他们的地位和教育水平如何,似乎都不像女性那样专业,也不像女性那样合作。男性和女性之间的交流过程;特别是在阿拉伯世界,因为它是由社会和宗教规范统治的,所以很复杂。但这一过程并不意味着理解他们在用第二语言进行的正式面对面对话中的互动风格是不可能的,尽管在这一领域进行的研究论文很少。然而,亚文化在区分男性和女性的对话中起着基本的作用;这意味着,如果一个性别理解了其他性别的亚文化,他或她肯定能以更好的方式交流。有趣的是,目前的研究表明,男性在对话中比女性更不拘泥,因为后者实际上比男性使用更多的礼貌策略。研究人员采用了一种描述性的方法,这种方法被认为是当前研究论文最合适的方法;它是一种描述现象或真实情况的方法,因为它在现实中是可用的。然而,更多的研究论文倾向于强调阿拉伯男性和女性在互动方式上的差异;特别是关于音高和语调等韵律特征的正式面对面对话,因为这类论文在阿拉伯世界很少见。
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A Critical Study of Arab Males and Females Interactional Styles in Formal Face- to- Face Conversations When Using English as a Second Language
It is obvious that the differences between Arab males and females interactional styles in formal face-to-face conversations when using English as a second language is interesting and uneasy task at the same time. In the light of the current research paper findings, the linguistic styles of males and females are quite different in regard with the conversation function itself, feedback of the conversation, the dominant gender in the whole conversation, some phonological variations and so on. Females prefer avoiding direct disagreement and maintaining the social rapport with other opposite gender. Females also depend on more easy ways or strategies to get the other speakers engaged in the dialogue as possible. Males, regardless of their status and educational level, seem less professional speakers and less cooperative than females seem. The process of communication among males and females; particularly, in the Arab word is complex since it is ruled by social and religious norms. But this process doesn't indicate that understanding their interactional styles in formal face-to-face conversations in a second language is not possible despite the small number of research papers conducted in such a field. However, subcultures play a basic role in distinguishing between males and females in conversation; meaning that if one gender comprehends other's subcultures, he or she will definitely be able to communicate in a much better way. The current research paper interestingly indicates that males are less fusty than females in dialogues as the last ones actually employ more strategies of politeness than males do. The researcher applied a descriptive method which is considered the most appropriate way for this current research paper; it is the method that describes the phenomena or the real situation as it is available in reality. However, more research papers are preferred to be conducted to highlight the differences between Arab males and females' interactional styles in; specially, formal face-to-face conversations in regards with prosodic characteristics just like pitch and intonation since such types of papers are rare in the Arab world.
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