An active viewing framework for video-based learning

Video-based learning is most effective when students are engaged with video content; however, the literature has yet to identify students' viewing behaviors and ground them in theory. This paper addresses this need by introducing a framework of active viewing, which is situated in an established model of active learning to describe students' behaviors while learning from video. We conducted a field study with 460 undergraduates in an Applied Science course using a video player designed for active viewing to evaluate how students engage in passive and active video-based learning. The concept of active viewing, and the role of interactive, constructive, active, and passive behaviors in video-based learning, can be implemented in the design and evaluation of video players.