城市综合沿海治理方法:互补的学科工具和合作的先决条件

M. Stokmane, Anita Lontone-Ieviņa, R. Ernsteins
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引用次数: 0

摘要

拉脱维亚的城市沿海治理实践也有各种局限性,考虑到日益增长的气候变化适应挑战,需要研究和试验新的认识和新的方法。总体研究框架基于研发方法。研究的目的是研究城市海岸治理在实践中是如何运作的,特别是与海岸沙丘保护区(150/300米)及其后面的沿海地区的关系,应用治理工具组的整个列表-政治/法律,规划,特别是制度工具,还有金融,基础设施,最后但并非最不重要的是沿海通信工具。这是通过三个沿海治理维度的研究和治理框架来完成的——治理内容、利益相关者(治理部分)和治理工具,在尤尔马拉市实现了这一框架,因为尤尔马拉市拥有丰富的自然文化,而且由于旅游吸引力,拉脱维亚海岸的沿海试点地区也很敏感。应用的案例研究方法(文件研究、观察和利益相关者访谈)基于先前的沿海治理研究,证实了研究前的理解,即这个具有国际沿海度假胜地地位和发达的市政管理能力的领土在综合沿海管理(ICM)方法实施方面取得的成功有限,随后,需要进一步发展学科工具,并将协作治理作为ICM的先决条件。国际上也为欧盟沿海国家设计并批准了综合ICM方法,因为综合要求管理作为复杂社会生态系统的海岸的适当治理,但旧的、长期存在的传统学科/分支方法,即前和正式的市政规划和管理,并不真正允许跨部门和跨层次整合观点的必要创新。然而,面向学科ICM工具的重用和/或重新开发,特别是尽可能地设计和实现互补,协作治理的发展应被视为ICM充分发展的必要先决条件。
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Municipal integrated coastal governance approach: complimentary disciplinary instruments and collaboration pre-conditions
Municipal coastal governance practice also in Latvia has various limitations, and taking into account growing climate change adaptation challenges, new understanding and new approaches are to be studied and tested. Overall study frame is based on research-and-development approach. The aim of the research was to study how municipal coastal governance is functioning in practice, particularly, in the relation to the coastal dune protection zones (150/300 m) and further coastal territory behind that, applying whole list of governance instrument groups – political/legal, planning, and especially institutional instruments, also financial, infrastructure and, last but not least, coastal communication instruments. This was done via research-and-governance frame of the three coastal governance dimensions – governance content, stakeholders (governance segments) and governance instruments, realized in Jurmala municipality as especially nature-culture rich and due to tourist attraction also sensitive coastal pilot territory at the Latvia coast. Case study research methodology applied (document studies, observation and stakeholder’s interviews) were approving pre-study understanding, based on previous coastal governance studies, that also this territory with international coastal resort status and well developed municipal administration capacities have limited success on integrated coastal management (ICM) approach implementation and, subsequently, there are requirements on further development of disciplinary instruments and also collaboration governance as ICM preconditions. An integrated ICM approach was internationally designed and approved also for EU coastal countries, since comprehensive requirement to manage the adequate governance of the coast as complex socio-ecological system, but old shaped long existing traditional disciplinary/branch approaches of former and formal municipal planning and management does not really permit necessary innovations with cross-sectorial and cross-level integration perspectives. However, also orientation towards re-use and/or re-development of disciplinary ICM instruments, especially, to be designed and realized as complementary as possible and collaboration governance developments shall be seen as necessary pre-conditions for ICM adequate development.
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